Yintoni na ubuchule methodological? Iintlobo kunye nokubekwa iindlela zokufundisa. ubuchule ukufundisa eklasini

inkqubo Methodological Liguqulwe lithatyathwa lesiGrike elithetha "ukhetho ukuphumeza le njongo." Le nkqubo ezithile izenzo ezalanayo ngokwamanani abafundi kunye nootitshala, ngenxa apho kukho nokwenziwa ngokupheleleyo kwezixhobo zokufundisa entsha.

izisekelo senkolelo

ubuchule Instructional umbono ezininzi kunye yoyilo. inzululwazi Ukufundisa ayiqulathanga naluphi na indlela enye ethile neendlela lokuzazisa. Ababhali ezahlukileyo iindlela zoqeqesho zilandelayo:

• ibali;
• ingxoxo;
• ukusebenza kunye incwadi;
• waselebhu;
• incazelo;
• umsebenzi wolawulo:
• umzimba;
• umfanekiso;
• umboniso;
• iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zophando (ngokungqalileyo, umntu, ebhaliweyo);
• umzimba.

Ukongeza, inkqubo nganye methodological iye iintlobo ezininzi, ukunceda ukumelana nayo nayiphi na imisebenzi yayisetyenziselwa.

ubuchule bokufundisa

iindlela zokufundisa ezisetyenziswa eklasini ngutitshala, kuthathelwa ingqalelo iimpawu ngamnye eklasini, ezifana kwiseshoni yoqeqesho. Ukufumana yinxalenye indlela. Abakwiikholeji zoqeqesho lootitshala kunye neeyunivesithi bonke ootitshala elizayo bagqwese ubuchule zokufunda eyenziwe ngabameli phambili ukufundisa ezenzululwazi. ubuchule ukufundisa kwisikolo samabanga aphantsi ukunika ukusetyenziswa lobuninzi kufundisa, kuyimfuneko abakule minyaka yobudala.

Sebenza incwadi

Xa ufunda ukukhululwa incwadi iindlela ezininzi:

• ukufunda ngokuvakalayo umbhalo;
• uqulunqa isicwangciso kwisicatshulwa yokufunda;
• Ukuzalisa ukufunda imixholo etafileni;
• logic yokukhetha weva umbhalo;
• ukuyila isishwankathelo emfutshane;
• Ukukhethwa iikowuteshini.

Kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo, ubuchule ukufundisa eklasini kunokuphunyezwa ngokusebenzisa iintlobo zobuchule.

Umzekelo, ukusebenza kunye incwadi, ngokwenziwa kweseshoni yoqeqesho ahlanganise ekuqulunqeni abstract lifunda ngokuvakalayo, kunye nezinye iklasi ukuba okubhaliweyo okukhetiweyo uphindo kwaye zimisela isekethe logic. Ukwenza oko, abadlali bethu iindlela achazayo kwaye ngokomzekeliso. Mudyondzisi uthando kunye nezinto zokufundisa abafundi abatsha abasifundisa umsebenzi ngokuzimeleyo.

Yintoni ekufuneka ukuba ndiqale ukusebenzisa ubuchule neendlela

ubuchule yokufundisa zokufundisa ayaqondwa kuphela ekuqinisekiseni inkqubo yemfundo kuyimfuneko unemali. Zamagumbi ezifumana izixhobo ezifunekayo, ubugcisa kwikhompyutha - computer. izixhobo noQeqesho ekuthethwa ngayo izinto eziphathekayo ukuba ziyafuneka ukuba ukuxhasa inkqubo yokufunda. Baye baba sisixhobo enkulu utitshala mihla.

uqeqesho ezibonakalayo

Ezi zibandakanya izixhobo ezibonwayo: mzekeliso, ukuqokelelwa, models; izixhobo zokufundisa, izixhobo zokufundisa.

Imizimba ngokusebenzisa izijekulo nembonakalo yobuso bathi, intetho, ulwimi ngokunxibelelana, ngokwasengqondweni, umsebenzi yabasebenzi.

Injongo mali zoqeqesho bubonwa ngeempawu zazo yayisetyenziselwa. Ngokomzekelo, xa efundisa chemistry, utitshala usebenzisa olu lingelo umboniso kwinqanaba lokufunda izinto ezintsha. Ukubethelela ulwazi olufundiweyo kunye nezakhono, abantwana banikwe umsebenzi owenziwayo elabhoratri.

imisebenzi

Ukufunda izixhobo ezisetyenziswa esikolweni mihla, ukwenza imisebenzi emininzi.

1. Zembuyekezo kunceda ekunciphiseni inkqubo yezemfundo, ukunceda ukufezekisa le njongo ubuncinane ixesha kunye nomgudu ngokwasemzimbeni.
2. Encomekayo inceda utitshala ukuba babalise umxholo ingqeqesho awohluke ngamnye yobudala abafundi bafumana iimeko azivumi ukuba uphuhliso evumelanayo abantwana, ukudalwa iimeko lokuququzelela umsebenzi ozimeleyo abafundi.
3. Enengcombolo kubandakanya ukusetyenziswa ezahlukeneyo iityhuthoriyali, ividiyo, izixhobo projektha, izixhobo zaselebhu.
4. Uhlanganiso zizo ezo nesenzeko kunye nezinto bafunda, ukuchonga uhlobo neempawu iinkqubo okanye imithetho.

Reception "nale"

Le nkqubo methodological ilungele iimeko apho kuyimfuneko ukuba ixesha elimisiweyo minor ukufunda ulwazi oluninzi. Kwikharityhulam yesikolo xa kwiinkalo ezininzi zemfundo ekufundweni kwizihloko ezithile unikwa ubuncinane inani leeyure. Ukuze ugcine up kunye isifundo ingqalelo imihlathi abaninzi, ukuze bancede utitshala eze ubuchule imiyalelo nje ezinjalo. Isikolo "ngokugosogoso" ivumela ixesha elifutshane ukukhumbula iinkcukacha isixa esikhulu solwazi. Material kugaywe ngendlela yokuxoxisana nabanye, utitshala linganiki abafundi isisombululo turnkey, ukufuna kwakhe nabafundi ngokwabo. Ezi ndlela zizakhono lwemethodoloji kwiqela. Kukho ngokugaya abafundi, bafunda ukusebenza kunye ukufumana kwisicatshulwa umxholo ongundoqo, hlela ulwazi. Xa "gosogoso" fit ezi ntlobo ubuchule enika imiyalelo, njengoko "iitafile isishwankathelo", "izincoko", "iklasta".

Eyona njongo iphambili efumene i "ngokugosogoso" - kukufakwa ichibi elikhulu izinto ezintsha. Ekuqaleni, umbhalo lukatitshala yahlulwe eziliqela ezahlukeneyo. Eklasini ichonge amaqela zemfundo, ngamnye inani labantwana ayidluli abantu 5-6. Bona ingqalelo iibhloko "lokuqala". Izinto ezintsha yahlulwe abaninzi abaya kuthatha inxaxheba kwibhloko nganye.

Xa ucinga isixa esikhulu lombhalo, ungenza kwandisa inani labantwana kumaqela eziziiprayimari abantu ukuya ku 6-7. Banikela abantwana itekisi efanayo. Ilungu leqela ngalinye ufumana sicatshulwa yakhe olunonjolweyo. Okulandelayo, ukuba yinxalenye yomgaqo wabafundi okubhaliweyo kusebenza ngabanye, yenza isishwankathelo reference. Injongo yalo esentloko kukuba ufumane ezikumgangatho ophezulu "ukulicudisa" kule ndinyana. Iindlela kunye neendlela zokufundisa umsebenzi onjalo ke akunyanzelekanga ukuba utitshala. Uyakwazi ukwenza icebo ukwenza itheyibhile, zoba cluster.

Kwinqanaba elilandelayo umsebenzi wenziwe umsebenzi weqela. Abafundi yiya kwi "oogxa", iqela ingcali. Xa iqela elinye ziya kuqokelelwa guys ukusebenza ngamaqhekeza ezahlukeneyo efanayo yetekisi. Reception ke iingxoxo yenziwe. Guys itshintsha ngokutshintsha izimvo zabo, imisebenzi, khetha ukhetho ilungileyo le ntetho "iqhekeza 'yakhe kwisicatshulwa. Njengoko umngeni wongezelela, utitshala ufuna ukwenza indlela imibuzo ukuze nabanye abafana, kwaye kwacaca ukuba izinto ezifundiweyo. Okulandelayo, babuyele besikolo "umthombo iibhloko", ndandicinga ukukhanya kwinyathelo. Uthi intetho kwabanye abafundi ukuba inxalenye kwisicatshulwa sisebenza abantwana ngabanye. Ngenxa yoko, ilungu ngalinye leqela lifumana i mini-ntetho malunga netekisi. Njengoko isigaba sokugqibela "ngokugosogoso" indlela iquka ukusebenza yonke iklasi. Enye ingcali asondeze inxalenye yawo yetekisi, okubhaliweyo kwakhona nokuhlola. Kwimeko 'umlingane' ezinye "iingcali" ayimfuneko zincedisa kwiqela elinye. Xa nqanaba vangama isetyenziselwa ukuba ukhethe bamagalelo baba lula kakhulu ukuba ngentloko, intshumayelo ecacileyo izinto ezingenisiweyo.

Ezinjalo iindlela zokufundisa enkulisa isaphulelo ngobuwena Lite. Abakwisikolo sabantwana nabo yahlulwe ngamaqela, kodwa ziyakhuthazwa ukuba Sukubhala yaye inxalenye umfanekiso omkhulu. Ngokomzekelo, umzekeliso "nentsomi malunga umnqathe" yahlulwe imifanekiso emininzi eyahlukileyo. Yanye inkunzi ifumana umfanekiso umnqathe, owesibini kayisemkhulu, umakhulu wesithathu, umzukulwana wesine, amabhungane yesihlanu, iikati ezintandathu. Ngenxa yoko, kunye mazingenise guys ukusuka kwenye unit version ulungele ye nentsomi odumileyo bonke.

Reception "umqokeleli"

iindlela ezifana iindlela zokufunda nokufundisa zilufanele inkqubo zemfundo interactive. "Collector" okulungileyo ukulungiselela nokwenziwa kwezinto zokufundisa entsha. Yena kucingwa indlela jikelele, ekubeni ngokulinganayo kuhle ukuba izifundo zethekhinoloji, kunye nobume. enye enkulu yale ndlela kukuseka metasubject kunye nonxibelelwano ahlukeneyo, ebonisa ithuba ngokusebenzisa ulwazi olutsha ukuchaza nezolo.

Inxaxheba kwinqanaba lokuqala, abafundi kufuneka uqokelele ukuqokelelwa. Ukulungiselela kwesifundo baza banikwa umsebenzi ukuqokelela mali iphezulu ezahlukeneyo izinto zihlobene umxholo wesifundo. Ngokomzekelo, xa ukulungiselela umxholo othi "International eMisebenzini le ngcaciso Russian Federation" kwiJografi, abafana beza iileyibhile basemzini iilebhile. Bona ethe yaba albhamu okhethekileyo, yaye kwimephu ulwandlalo uphawu zonke izangqa yelizwe, apho iRussia ingeniswe impahla.

Kuba into enjalo, ezifana uncwadi, babutha ingqokelela eni neembongi kunye ababhali okanye nabalinganiswa ezidalwe ngabo. Ukulungiselela le nale makhwenkwe kuba ingqokelela amagqabi emithi ezahlukeneyo, ulele, iintaka, zanjengeentsiba zamaxhalanga, njalo njalo. D.

Kwisifundo inyathelo elilandelayo ngokomfuziselo othile, zonke izinto ezifumaneka akhiwa icwecwe lokugqibela. isampuli ngalinye kufuneka inkcazelo. Ukuba izinto zinxulunyaniswa chemistry, ixela igama lemveliso, ifomula yayo imichiza, ububanzi, ukubaluleka abantu, iimpawu ezimbi.

Isigaba sesithathu kukuba ukusebenza kunye kwingqokelela wadala ngaphambili kwinkqubo yemfundo. Uphuhliso iindlela methodological yale hlobo kangangoko ukuba ilungisa izinto ezintsha kunye gabalala ulwazi nezakhono abazifumene yi abantwana. Isifundo eyakhiwe ngohlobo ingqondo-umsesane, umdlalo ishishini, esidlangalaleni. Iklasi yahlulwe ngamaqela eziliqela, ngamnye owenza inkcazo-ntetho yokuqokelela walungisa. Utitshala ufumana "ibhonasi" ekukhetheni le ndlela nje ngokulula okanye ingqokelela ngokupheleleyo, baya kuba nako ukuyisebenzisa xa usebenza nabanye abafundi.

Reception "Smart Ring"

Oku esisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwi yokuzala ulwazi. Ingasetyenziswa ukwenza uphando abafundi musa ukuphinda nje umbandela zifunxe, kodwa ilifa i ubuchule bokucinga associative, amatyathanga logic ekwaziyo ngokwakha kudlule phakathi imifanekiso kunye nolwazi olutsha. Sukela "ring smart 'inokuba yiyo nayiphi isifundo ngexesha nokuhlaziya izakhono ezikhoyo, ukulungiselela isifundo izinto ezintsha, kwakunye ukushwankathela umxholo. kubume bayo siyifumana imbonakaliso umntwana njenge "manqindi". Limelwe ukumelana inani elithile "phambili", ngakumbi ncam, imibuzo ebuzwa ngutitshala kunye nabanye abantwana kwisihloko. Onokucinga ngayo impendulo ukuba imizuzwana 3-5 kuphela. Imibuzo ecetywayo "manqindi" ziquka impendulo ethile. Le ndlela ivumela utitshala ukuba ngokukhawuleza kuqhuba isaveyi, khangela inqanaba yokulungiselela umfundi, ukuba ube nesilinganiso. Imibuzo angaba ifomu nangokudlalayo, ngoko ukongeza kwimemori oomatshini, utitshala uya kukwazi ukuba ukuchonga kunye neqondo nokuqonda yesihloko. Imibuzo nga abunjwe ngohlobo charades, anagram, Izikweko. imibuzo Math ingathathelwa indawo ingxelo yomlomo, iiphazili ahlekisayo. Xa chemistry ziyakhuthazwa iklasi abantwana ukulungisa iimpazamo ifomula ukumisela umbhali yomthetho.

Reception "Running Association"

He kubhekwa i esebenzayo indlela yokufundisa. Wusebenzisele ukuba ulungise ulwazi ngokuthelekisa ulwazi olutsha namava kakade. Ukwamkelwa isekelwe uxhulumaniso kwinkqubo yemfundo kwisigaba ienjini yenyama. Isiphumo isicelo of "umbutho iyasebenza" iya kuba nenani enamandla yolwazi kunye nenkuthazo abafundi imfundo. Kuba ingxaki wezifundo encediswa ngutitshala ukubeka loo njongo iphambili yalo msebenzi. Utitshala wahlula iklasi ibe ngababini. Emva koko wabeka mxholo uphambili isifundo. Baby amagama amagama 2-3, eyinxulumanisa umxholo yengqesho. Umzekelo, kwimathematika, "umbutho okungajikiyo" ngokufanelekileyo ukufundisisa "kwisangqa" umxholo. Utitshala ubonisa abantwana ngeenxa zonke izinto. Umsebenzi ophambili we bafundi esongezelelwe kwitsheyini ubhalo niqale ngutitshala. Ukuba ukwakhelwa kwesifundo umkhanya kubandakanya uphuhliso sentetho abafundi, indlela "umbutho okungajikiyo" Kwakhona inceda utitshala ukuba ukumelana imisebenzi. iqela yeklasi yahlulwe ngababini. Omnye umntwana ubiza amagama amabini onganxulumananga. Umceli-mngeni umfundi lesibini kutyhila isigwebo apho amagama aya zihluzwe zihlobene.

Ukuhlelwa iindlela zokufundisa ezisetyenziswayo kwinkqubo yezemfundo mihla, inika ezahlukeneyo ootitshala. Isiseko ulwahlulo yokukhetha mathuba ezahlukeneyo, banikwe ingakumbi zesifundo, uhlobo kwiseshoni yoqeqesho. ubuchule lwemethodoloji kufuneka eyiyo nangempumelelo asetyenziswe kwinkqubo yokufunda. Iingcali zikholelwa ukuba kumabakala ahlukeneyo isifundo ngesidanga ekufundeni umbandela utshintsha kakhulu. Ekuqaleni, abafana bayakwazi ukuba ukukhumbula malunga-60 ekhulwini, ukususela iiseshoni umzuzu-4 ukuya ku-23, bafunda 90% ye ingcaciso ukususela nge-23 ukuya kuma-34 ukhumbule ulwazi kuphela isiqingatha. Ukwazi oku manani, utitshala ukwakha inkqubo yabo lwemethodoloji umsebenzi.

isiphelo

Yintoni efanele ukuqwalaselwa xa ukhetha iindlela zokufundisa? Iingcali zithi izinga lempumelelo sihlobene ngqo ixesha losuku. Umzekelo, amatakane ukwaziswa bafunda kakuhle ukusuka iiyure ezili-11 ukuya kwi-13. Abanye ukusebenza recovery kwi abafundi abaphezulu ibhiyozelwa ngoMgqibelo, ngokuba bonke bafuna kwimpela-veki ezayo. iindlela zokufundisa Selectable kufuneka ikhatshwe izinto ezisebenzayo ezibonwayo, amaziko zobugcisa zale mihla. Ukongeza, kufuneka kubekho ingxelo epheleleyo ngethuba leeseshoni zoqeqesho phakathi kwabantwana kunye notitshala. Ukuze kusebenze ngokupheleleyo iindlela zokufundisa isicelo, kufuneka kuhlanganiswe iindlela zokufundisa. Ngokukhetha ubuchule yokufundisa, utitshala ufuna baya kunceda susumetela abafundi budibane izinto ezintsha. Umzekelo, ootitshala neyezinto zemvelo uyilo kunye nophando kufutshane iindlela. Ezi nkcukacha zezi zinto olunjalo ebandakanya isixa esikhulu wasekhaya. Kuba ootitshala physical education zilungele phantse zonke iindlela ekufundeni kwisigaba ngasinye isifundo, ungasebenzisa amaqhekeza ubugcisa ezintsha zemfundo.