Apho wenza i Maya: Secrets lempucuko shwaka. Imvelaphi kunye nemisebenzi yabantu yamandulo eMesoamerica

Imbali impucuko yamaMaya lizele iimfihlelo. Omnye wabo - isizathu sokuba yokuduka ngesiquphe bantu bamandulo, lifikelele kwinqanaba ngokumangalisayo ophezulu nophuhliso lwenkcubeko.

Imvelaphi kunye yokuhlala ndawo

Maya ngomnye impucuko Mesoamerican yaqala ukuvela 2000 BC. e. Kuye kwasekwa kwi kwintsimi Mexico ka Tabasco kunye Yucatán, Guatemala kunye namazwe Belize, Honduras kunye El Salvador. Elimi kuyo ukuze baphile ezi zizwe zamandulo, zohlulwa zayimimandla emithathu zemozulu: indawo ntaba, amahlathi ashinyeneyo kunye neendawo kunye zezilwanyana etyebileyo eziyimiqwebedu enamatye.

Ngokuphathelele imvelaphi yabantu, ngokunjalo malunga apho Maya ezilahlekileyo, kukho iingcamango ezininzi. Kukho ingcamango yokuba beza avela kwelaseAsiya, kwaye nkqu kwesizindlo kwamnandi ukuba inzala ka abemi bangafi Atlantis. Enye ingcamango ithi ukuba beza ukusuka ePalestina. Ubungqina ekhokelwa kukuba uninzi izinto unqulo yamaMaya efanayo Christian (ingcamango lokufika kukaMesiya, iisimboli umnqamlezo). Ukongeza, le sesakhiwo aba bantu ziyafana kakhulu ngathi umYiputa, yaye oku kubonisa ukuba yindlela edibene eYiputa yamandulo.

Mayans: imbali impucuko enkulu

Abaphandi lucky - kukho imithombo emininzi apho unako ukwenza umfanekiso ubomi bantu bamandulo. Imbali yawo yahlulwe izihlandlo eziliqela enkulu.

Xa era pre-classical zamaNdiya yamaMaya izizwe ezincinane, ukuvelisa ukutya ngokuzingela, nokuhlanganiselwa. Malunga 1000 BC. e. kukho ezininzi zokuhlala amafama amancinane. El Mirador - esinye sezixeko zokuqala Maya, ngoku eyaziwa ngokuba pyramidal complex zalo ezinkulu ngeemitha 72 ukuphakama. Yaba ingumasipala inkulu kwexesha pre-Classic.

era elandelayo (400 BC -.... 250 AD) luphawulwa iinguqulelo ezinkulu ebomini zamaNdiya. Kukho ukukhula ngokukhawuleza imizi, zakhiwe izakhiwo bokwakha omkhulukazi.

iminyaka 250-600. n. e. - ixesha ngexesha wezinto impucuko amandulo abantu eMesoamerica. Ngeli xesha, sisungule zikhuphisane omnye komnye umzi-amazwe. ezakhiwe waqhutyelwa izakhiwo bokwakha nohlaza. Ngokuqhelekileyo izakhiwo amalungiselelo ngeenxa ngcambu ebuxande engundoqo kunye ezihonjiswe iimaski oothixo amanani wentsomi eqingqiweyo etyeni. Imbali yamaMaya wathi osemqoka yaba ubukho zokuhlala embindini izixeko iiphiramidi ukuya kwiimitha ezili-15.

Ekupheleni kwethuba lakudala yabemi Guatemala ngayo ukuba iindawo ezomileyo ezisezantsi zogqunyelelwe lifikelele inani onomtsalane kubantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezi-3.

Ngelinye ixesha Classic - le zebhola inkcubeko yabantu yamandulo eMesoamerica. apho ke Kwasekwa isixeko esikhulu - Uxmal, Chichen Itza kunye Coba. Inani labantu ngamnye kubo abantu-10 ukuya kuma-25 amawaka. Imbali yamaMaya abuna- sekufika - eli xesha eYurophu aphakathi akazange abe zokuhlala omkhulu kangaka.

IMidlalo yezandla yamaMaya

Main umsebenzi amaNdiya ukufuya (isileshi-and-wokukhusela nonkcenkceshelo), ukufuywa nokuyenza. umbona Khula (izilimo main), iimbotyi, iitumato, amathanga, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo iipepile, icuba, umqhaphu, ibhatata kunye ezahlukeneyo zinongwe. isivuno ebaluleke koko.

Ethatha inxaxheba kulinywa iziqhamo kunye Maya. Ngoku kunzima ukuxelela imithi yeziqhamo baba cultured. Abahlali wayedla papaya, avokhado, uRamon chikosapote, Nancy, Marañon.

Nangona izinga eliphezulu yophuhliso, amaMaya akazange ndayeka ukubukela angamahilihili. Palm amagqabi zasetyenziswa eziyinzuzo zokuxhasa uphahla izinto zokuxhoma ngenxa iingobozi nokuluka, intlaka eziqokelelwe owawusetyenziswa isiqhumiso, kunye Koros wapheka isidlo.

Hunting nokuloba, kakhulu, baba phakathi misebenzi iphambili zamaNdiya.

Yophando zakudala kucacile ukuba apha Yucatán kunye Guatemala wahlala iingcibi abanezakhono: gunsmiths, abaluki, bejewellery, abakroli kunye nabayili.

bokwakha

Maya eyaziwa ngokuba izakhiwo yayo emikhulu: izakhiwo pyramidal iingxande yabalawuli. Ukongeza, ukuba wadala imifanekiso ezintle BAS-imikrolo, iintshukumisa eziphambili ezibe unkulunkulu anthropomorphic.

umbingelelo

Phakathi izakhiwo Abasindileyo inxalenye eyintloko kuhlala izakhiwo zonqulo. Oku kunye neminye imithombo sicebisa ukuba unqulo yomzalwane kubomi amaMaya isigaba iziko. Bona baziwa amasiko abo igazi kunye neminikelo yabantu woothixo. Eyona zobundlobongela kwinjoli yaba ayengcwaba ophilayo ixhoba, ngokunjalo ukukrazula esisu kunye bawurhuqa intliziyo ubengekho na emzimbeni, Kusekho umntu ophilayo. Babingelela kuphela amabanjwa, kodwa esizwe.

Imfihlelo yokuduka abantu

Umbuzo indlela budlulile Maya iyaqhubeka umdla labaphandi ezininzi. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba kwinkulungwane IX intsimi esemazantsi amaNdiya ephilileyo waqala engenanto. Ngesizathu esithile, abantu baqalisa ukuba bemke kweso sixeko. Kungekudala, inkqubo kukubi Yucatán engundoqo. Apho wenza i Maya kutheni bashiya amakhaya abo? Lo mbuzo akukho mpendulo. Kukho nantoni na awayefike sele ezama ukucacisa zanyamalala ngesiquphe elinye abantu eMesoamerica. Abaphandi bathi zizathu zilandelayo: lihlaselwe utshaba, imvukelo wegazi, izifo kunye neentlekele zokusingqongileyo. Mhlawumbi Maya waphula ulungelelwano phakathi nendalo kunye nendoda. labemi likhula ngokukhawuleza uyaphela ngokupheleleyo kwemithombo yendalo waza waqalisa ukuba neengxaki ezinkulu ukunqongophala kumhlaba otyebileyo namanzi okusela.

Hypothesis yokugqibela malunga kuwa impucuko yamaMaya lubonisa ukuba oku ngenxa yembalelel kakhulu, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekubeni lo monakalo ezixeko.

Akukho nanye kwezi ngcamango hayi ifumene qinisekisa kakhulu, kwaye umbuzo malunga apho Maya elahlekileyo, nangoku uvuliwe.

Maya yanamhlanje

abantu bamandulo Mesoamerican yanyamalala, azafunyanelwa ndawo. Yena wahlala inzala yakhe - yamaMaya mihla. Baqhubekeka kuhlala kwilizwe lookhokho babo edumileyo - e Guatemala kunye Mexico, ukugcina ulwimi, amasiko kunye nendlela yokuphila.