Bakelite ivanishi: iinkcukacha, isakhiwo, iimpawu kunye nohlaziyo isicelo

Okwangoku, Bakelite ivanishi ezi izinto ezithandwayo asetyenziswe ekwakheni. Bona eveliswe komphunga phenol kunye formaldehyde. Kwaye oku kuyimfuneko ukwenza isisombululo intlaka eyodwa utywala-based. Ukuba iinkalo eziphambili baqukana reaction, ammonia lifakiwe. Olu phawu unika zililo ndigqibile ivumba elithile.

Iimpawu eziphambili

Bakelite ivanishi ziyityhefu, njengoko kule zemveliso inkqubo umphunga phenol kunye formaldehyde. Kukho imida ubukho weli ngaphakathi holo yemveliso. Ukugxila 0.3 mg / m ayikho yingozi abantu. amazinga aphezulu kunokubangela eziyityhefu, kwaye kwezinye iimeko - nokufa.

Bakelite lacquer ukubunjwa eliquka izinto ezinokutsha kwaye ledangatya we 15 ° C. Zalisa ucinezelo kwenzeka kubushushu ngaphezu mzobo ongaphambili. Bakelite ivanishi bakhe umlilo olenyayo eklasini A. ulwazi olusisiseko malunga neempawu kweziyobisi zichazwa amaxwebhu olumisiweyo, oko kukuthi GOST 12.1.044. Ukuba kukho umlilo yenzeka kwiholo yemveliso, amanzi asetyenziswa eyendawo yayo, isanti, kwakunye uhlobo olulodwa ugwebu kwemichiza nobomatshini.

Bakelite ivanishi: sebenzisa

Ezi izinto zisetyenziswa mveliso eyahlukeneyo. Eyona njongo ephambili - kukho ukhuseleko imiphezulu kunye namacandelo ukusuka ukufuma okanye ezinye izinto ezonakalisayo. Kananjalo zisetyenziselwa ukupeyinta amatanki egesi. Bakelite ivanishi kunathi kwezinye iindidi zemveliso e ukusebenza kwayo, ukusukela ukuba zisetyenziselwa ukumithisa kwaye kuncanyatheliswe of ezahlukeneyo iinkcukacha ezithile.

Eyona njalo ziphathwe ezinjalo nokudala bako ngamaplanga. Bakelite ivanishi iimpawu zobugcisa njengoko kuchaziwe kwinqaku, lisetyenziswa kuphela lolwakhiwo kodwa nakwamanye amashishini. Phakathi kwazo kukho ezi zilandelayo:

• Imikhumbi - imveliso ye kwayo iinqanawa elwandle;
• Ushishino lweemoto - imveliso kwesigubungelo asezantsi, kwakunye izakhi ngabanye;
• zokwakha - omata, umhombiso ngaphandle kwezakhiwo, uphahla, amagumbi uhombiso kunye lokuvelisa ifanitshala;
• ngokuba nokuveliswa imipu kunye namaziko ezemidlalo;
• lokuvelisa iimveliso nabantwana babantwana, nangaphezulu.

Inkqubo yokuba bafumane ivanishi

Ukuze kuveliswe sisincoko enjalo, ezi zibonelelo zilandelayo kufuneka zisetyenziswe: phenol, ethyl utywala, formalin kunye ammonia. Ziintoni iimpawu bakelite lacquer siyazi? Baxhomekeke iimpawu ezinokuzuzwa.

Iimpawu zezinto abakhoyo

Ngoko ke, lo into yokuqala - i phenol. Lo ulungelelwaniso ehamba qha ngamanzi. kwithempritsha yayo ukuqanda yi-40 ° C. Formalin - le into eziyingozi ezingenabungozi, nto leyo kuthathwa ityhefu. It is a ulwelo ecacileyo ukuba inqanaba elisezantsi kakhulu reactivity. Ammonia alisetyenziswa ngendlela esulungekileyo kodwa yenziwa kwesisombululo buthathaka zolwelo.

Ethyl utywala lisetyenziswa yokumpompela carbon equlethe izinto. Ukuphela yoko ulwelo ecacileyo. Kokuba zipeyintwe ngemibala eyahlukileyo. Kwakhona kwi lacquer iquka oli yemifuno neselulosi. Phambi yokuyifaka udlula unyango olunzulu.

Eyona eziphambili ze

Namhlanje kukho 9 iintlobo eziphambili lacquers bakelite. Ngamnye kubo lisetyenziswa kwishishini elithile. Ngaphezu koko, baye iipesenti ezahlukeneyo kwezinto abasemthethweni, ngamanye phenol, formaldehyde, ethanol kunye ammonia. Ngenxa utshintsho kwisixa enye neziphawuli utshintshe iimpawu ivanishi kunye nemisebenzi yayo. Ngokomzekelo, singakwazi ukuthelekisa brand ivanishi ezinjalo:

• SBS-1 - kuba processing of zeplastiki kunye ngamaplanga, asetyenziswa uhombiso umphandle nomphakathi zendlu.
• Lbs-4 - kuba iiplastiki ezahlukeneyo equlathe fillers kwizimbiwa.
• Lbs-1 kunye lbs-2 - ingqalelo ivanishi bakelite kwizinga eliphezulu kwaye zisetyenziselwa ukutyabeka zeplastiki kunye namanqaku steklotekstilnyh.

Le ivanishi isicelo kumphezulu yokwakha izinto okanye amacandelo kunye ibrashi okanye roller. Isiphumo sokugqibela luqokelelane phezu umboniso okhethekileyo eziquka izinto organic okanye ezingaphiliyo. Ikhusela komhlaba ukusuka ukufuma kunye nezinye izinto entsimbini.

Ukusebenzisa ukukhanda

Olu hlobo lacquer lusetyenziswa zokusebenza bangaphakathi kunye nabangaphandle. Ngoncedo a idayi esisodwa kunokwenzeka ukuba kufikelelwe umbala wacela imveliso. Iimpawu ivanishi kuhlala ingatshintshanga. Nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa kwayo ekhaya inzima. Ngaphambi kokuba nokusebenzisa i umphezulu kufuneka zihlanjwe kobutyobo abangaphezu kwemfuneko kunye omile ngayo. Emva zokwaleka, umphezulu ivanishi kufuneka ubushushu ngayo. Iqondo lobushushu mazifike 160 ° C. Ukuphumeza oku kuya kufuneka ukuba benze.

omiswe Natural wenziwa phezu komhlaba iiyure 4. Kuba ukhuselo ngokucokisekileyo ngakumbi lisetyenziswa phezulu nwebu yesibini eliqulethe lokufaka ethile. Zonke ezi zilandelayo zihlala. Ekugqibeleni, Ebubanzini umboniso ifikelela 0.5 mm.

Ukuphucula amandla ngomatshini kumphezulu kusetyenziswa yomqhaphu ngelaphu into buzane bakelite ivanishi. It ibekwe 3 umaleko. Lo bugcisa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: kufuneka ndakuhlambulula ilaphu wokuqala woma ukuba balahle istatshi.

It isikwe imivalo amancinci lifakwe sikhongozeli yepeyinti. Kufuneka bathele ukuba imizuzu emi-5. Ngaphezu koko, lo izicwili zisuswe kwisikhongozeli nokusetyenziswa yerabha iiglavu aliqhawule. Iziqwenga buzane banyamezela umoya yangaphandle kunye yomile, ukuze ubukho sijike inciphisiwe. Ilaphu lulungele lisetyenziswa kwaye yomile phezu komhlaba kwaye ngaphezulu ibhrashi isicelo lacquer. Ukuba imfuneko yokwandisa amandla ngomatshini yombhobho, eli laphu isikwe isiqwenga ububanzi encinane. ke ngoko le nkqubo iya ecaleni imigca efanayo.

Ekugqibeleni ifilimu kwakheka phezu kulwakhiwo, nto leyo eya kukhusela izinto ukusuka sesichengeni ukufuma kunye nezinye izinto. Kusenokwenzeka nokuba yonakele phantsi kweemeko ezininzi:

• ukuba ngaphezulu kwe-20 ° C umphezulu lobushushu ziya kuchaphazeleka ixesha elide;
• ukuba umphezulu isale lacquer, ukufumana kwelanga ngqo.

Ngaphandle kwento yokuba lokulungiswa bakelite ivanishi ebangela nobunzima, ngokwendlela nokubuyekezwa labathengi, le nto uhlala ezithandwa kakhulu.

nkqubo intengiso

Ubume Iindleko kakhulu ezahlukeneyo, ngokuxhomekeke lophawu, kwakunye ukusetyenziswa kwesithuba. Price of imixube ezinjalo ku ezahlukene ukusuka 300 ukuya ku-1000 cents ilitha nganye.

isiphelo

Njengoko bathi kumninindlu, ivanishi bakelite kuyinto material ethandwayo lisetyenziswa kuphela kushishino, kodwa kubomi bemihla ngemihla. Isetyenziselwa ukuvelisa yeekhemikhali ezahlukeneyo izinto. Abantu abasebenzisa kubo, bathi ubuchwepheshe wayo sicelo ibonakala ngcono. Bathi Sigxininisa kuphela ukuba imithetho ethile kufuneka ilandelwe xa usebenza nge paint. Le ndawo yokuqala efafazwe kufuneka linomoya owaneleyo. Akangekhe elide, njengoko nokucutheka umphunga of phenol kukhokelela eziyityhefu.

Ngoko ke, siye safumanisa ukuba le yinxalenye, kwaye ndafunda zeziphi iimpawu bakelite lacquer.