Menshikov Aleksandr Sergeevich: ibhayografi emfutshane

Alexander Sergeyevich Menshikov (1787-1869 GG.), The umzukulwana ka AD odumileyo Menshikov, ozithandayo kunye eyiyona Peter I, omnye wâbo bafundi wamajoni abadumileyo, amanani zezopolitiko kunye noluntu lwe ngenkulungwane ye-19 eRashiya. Ukongeza, waba ngonozakuzaku, wabubhekisa ukusekwa yomkhosi wamanzi, wabandakanyeka amaphulo amaninzi, yaba umbhalo ababusi ezimbini. Kuluntu wayedume wit yakhe sehlelwe. Kananjalo waye bibliophile inkulu yexesha lakhe, ukuqokelela ithala leencwadi ngaphezu amahlanu amawaka.

Ezinye iinkcukacha zobomi

biography elifutshane Aleksandra Menshikova, nto leyo eya kuthi achazwe kweli nqaku, umdla kuba kubonisa indlela ezisebenza ezahlukeneyo kunye ezininzi waba imisebenzi yayo. Wazalwa kwintsapho emkhosini, wafumana imfundo esemagqabini ekhaya, ukufunda kwiiyunivesithi German. Wayesazi ngeelwimi eziliqela amazwe, ngoko emva kokubuyela ekhaya, waba iBhodi leMicimbi yangaPhandle, apho wakhonza kwexesha elithile. Ngeli xesha, Menshikov uAleksandr Sergeevich waba kwimisebenzi bokuphathisana ngoonobumba zaseYurophu.

Kungekudala, Noko ke, Wacela emkhosini yaye wahlukile emfazweni nxamnye Turkey (ngo-1810-1811 gg.). Alexander inxaxheba ekungqingweni, nasekuxinweni, bamba eziliqela iinqaba, ewela weDanube. Lo mfana ke yasebenza kakuhle, ibonisa isibindi isenza imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo, kuba abasamkelayo Order of St. Vladimir. Emva koko, waba mkhosi yoMlawuli wangena, ngoko neqembu yakhe.

umsebenzi empini

Wazibonakalisa ebudeni beMfazwe Yehlabathi II. Ngeli xesha, Menshikov waba kwikomkhulu ezingundoqo bathatha inxaxheba onke amadabi enkulu isiFrentshi. Ngelo xesha ke wonyuselwa, waba umthetheli. Yena, kunye amajoni Russian waya iihambo phesheya kwaye ngeli xesha na sizibonakalisa kakuhle phambi koMlawuli, ngokwenza omnye isabelo esinzima kunene. Menshikov Aleksandr Sergeevich bekufanele ukuba ukudlulisela iqela Swedish ohlanganisa imikhosi eManyeneyo, waya phezu avanyisa. Uye zaphumelela lo msebenzi, bafumana phantse siqinisekile Alexander I. Menshikov ndalwa amadabi eziliqela, apho wafumana ibhaso elitsha - i-Order of St. Vladimir. Sisalathisi yokuqiniseka umlawuli kuye kukuba wahamba umphathi yakhe zonke yaseYurophu Congress ngomhla ekusombululeni bayahlelwa mazwe emva kokuba iimfazwe Napoleonic.

inkonzo yaseburhulumenteni

Ngowe-1816, Menshikov uAleksandr Sergeevich wafumana kwindawo entsha uxanduva kwi-ofisi kwikomkhulu enkulu. Kodwa ke eli xesha, inkundla yabangela Arakcheev, engaluthandi naye. Ngenxa yoko, indawo Menchikoff ezingenakuzanyazanyiswa.

Le ikhefu yokugqibela kunye inkundla emva wagqiba ukwenza iprojekthi ngenxa lokukhululwa ngamakhoboka ngamakhoboka. Enyanisweni, lo mba waba mlonyeni ekuqaleni kobukumkani loMlawuli, kodwa ekupheleni wobukumkani bakhe, iiprojekthi ezininzi melo zaye iphele kwinani iinketho ezahlukeneyo ukupheliswa serfdom. Noko ke, Menshikov uAleksandr Sergeevich ngo-1821 kunye namanye amagosa karhulumente abadumileyo ezimbini thaca isicwangciso ekupheliseni serfdom, leyo yafunyanwa ngukumkani anobuganga kakhulu. Emva kwesi siganeko, yena sidlule ukuba freethinker, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekubeni ukususwa kwakhe evela enkundleni, kwaye phantsi kwazo naziphi na iimeko, wacelwa ukuba athathe isithuba ozakuzo e Dresden ukuba bakuthabatha sisithuko sobuqu yaye libhekisela imfuneko ukuba kude komlawuli. Alexander wala sithuba yaye wafudukela kwilifa lakhe.

Utshintsho lwe zithuthi

Inqanaba elilandelayo yobomi bakhe kunxulumene ukulawula soMhlekazi entsha - uNicholas I. ngesandla sakhe isicelo sakhe, yena wabuyela inkonzo. Isigaba sokuqala wokulawula umlawuli omtsha yabalasela nomnqweno ngokutsha fleet, nto leyo phantse na ehlaziyiweyo phantsi ezihlangwini zakhe. Nicholas I zilungiswa kokuguquka kwakhe, yena wangena zonke iinkcukacha, esivumela ulwakhiwo iinqanawa, ukuzoba up izicwangciso. Menshikov wayengekho aqhelekileyo practice kunye nemicimbi Maritime, kodwa wafunda iincwadi ikhosi eziyimfuneko phantsi kolwalathiso ummelwane wakhe, ngoxa kule lali, nto leyo eyazi ingqeqesho.

isigaba esitsha

Emva kokubuyela kwakhe elikomkhulu * uKhesare Alexander thaca Navy iSebe wokuziswa kweenguqu, leyo kuthiwa ukutshintsha silandela umzekelo lolawulo lomkhosi. A indima ekhethekileyo wabelwa Staff Jikelele Naval kwiSebe, intloko yayo wenza njengomthetheli phakathi kokumkani weenqanawa. Menshikov usesikhundleni intloko Naval Staff kangangethuba ixesha elide - ukususela 1829 ukuya 1855. Emva koko, umsebenzi wakhe kukhokelele kwinto yokuba uMphathiswa Navy, enyanisweni, isabalulekile, enika indlela intloko yakhe entsha abasebenzi. NjengoMongameli-Jikelele Menshikov Finland, Noko ke, waqhubeka umsebenzi wakhe wamajoni.

Nenxaxheba kwiimfazwe

Basekwezo zithuba aphezulu zokunxiba, Alexander, kunjalo, waqhubeka inxaxheba ilwa iimfazwe. Menshikov wazibonakalisa kwi imfazwe ne Turkey. Wathabatha inani weenqaba, naphambi kokuqalisa i iCrimea kweMfazwe, ithwalelwe izabelo ozakuzo. Emva kokuqhambuka kwemfazwe kwakhokelela imikhosi yomkhosi wamanzi kunye emhlabeni, kodwa imisebenzi yale posi akazange naye udumo. Phantsi umyalelo wakhe umkhosi Russian ubunzima inani ukoyiswa elibi Amanyeneyo. Nangona elishumi yokuqala wokulawula Nicholas I kwenziwa ukulungiswa ngokuhlanganisa kwizithuthi, nangona kunjalo, ukuba iinqanawa Russian akwazi ukumelana iinqanawa umphunga kotshaba. Emva ukungaphumeleli imfazwe Menshikov yasuswa kwizikhundla zomkhosi, kugcinwe isikhundla mkhosi kunye nelungu leBhunga State. Emva koko, umhlala kwilali yakhe, apho wafela ngo 1869.