FSUE Khrunichev. Khrunichev. Roskosmos. Khrunichev State Uphando Production Space Centre

umbuso Federal lweshishini qela liphikisayo Khrunichev. Khrunichev, wadala 1993, ukudityaniswa iinkampani ezimbini ezinkulu kweli lizwe kushishino aerospace i - KB "Salyut" nobunjineli Khrunichev mveliso, kwafuneka nje ukulondoloza nokomeleza amandla yenzululwazi kunye nobuchwepheshe kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo ngokupheleleyo loqoqosho lwesizwe, kodwa ukuphucula ukusebenza umsebenzi ukwenzela ukuba unako ukungena kwimarike indawo ehlabathini.

ukuhlanganiswa

Inkqubo ekhethekileyo, ethe yavuma urhulumente Russian Federation zabuya isicwangciso sophuhliso kuzo zonke iinkalo zoshishino isithuba, wazimisa utshintsho kunye nophuhliso loshishino zokhuselo ngo-2001. Oku kuhambelana nayo waza wadala kunazo emanyanisiweyo esekelwe Khrunichev. Khrunichev - lokuyila nokwakha izithuthi sungula enzima-class.

Lo msebenzi ephambili kumanyaniswe ekulondolozweni onke amandla ezikhoyo lwenzululwazi, zobugcisa industrial lweshishini, ukunika ukusebenza yokuthengwa kwempahla karhulumente, enika inkqubo isithuba federal.

ukubulawa leyo yomthetho

Ngo-2007 kwakukho umongameli malunga nale lweshishini qela liphikisayo federal karhulumente. Khrunichev. Khrunichev iinyanga ezilishumi babesebenza lenguqulelo kunye nokongeza ngamasetyana amane ngaphezulu njengoko Federal State qela liphikisayo Enterprise, apho indima ephambili yaba Space Agency Federal kunye Arhente Federal for Federal Management Property.

Ngenxa ukujoyina njengoko nabanxulumene lombutho lemveliso lweshishini "Flight" eMoscow for "Ubude" intengo yezixhobo, i Voronezh Mechanical Plant, yaye kamva of Chemical Engineering kubo Bureau. Isayev, umthetho umongameli kuthwalelwa phandle ngokupheleleyo.

ukwakha-up

Noko ke, ngo-2008 Khrunichev. Khrunichev wafumana emhandzini ogunyazisiweyo kwishishini Perm "Proton-PM". Kukho zaveliswa RD-276 - ulwelo Motors rocket, isetyenziswe njengeyunithi ngamandla Inqanaba lokuqala irula "Proton M" (class enzima). Kwaye ngo-2009 ukuya Khrunichev. Khrunichev ukuba umongameli olandelayo ifumene kwizabelo Chemical Automatics Design Bureau - inkokeli lehlabathi ekudalweni iinjini rocket, ilungu lweenkqubo isithuba ngokupheleleyo zonke swi lizwe lethu.

Le yenye nemibutho ezininzi mihla, entle kakhulu yaxhobisa uphando kunye nemveliso, ekwaziyo yokunikezela wonke umjikelo we injini irula (ulwelo irula enjini) ngenxa zokhuselo kunye nenzululwazi kunye noqoqosho lwesizwe - Design Bureau of Chemical Automatics. Njengenxalenye FSUE Khrunichev. M. V. Hrunicheva KBKhA oko kudala iinjini ilungileyo, kuphuhliswa RD-0124A lisetyenziswa amanqanaba yesibini neyesithathu izithuthi ezintsha sungula Russian. "Angara", umzekelo, ibe orbit ukusuka Russian cosmodrome iziphekepheke yeklasi enzima.

History kunye nokwakheka kwaso

Ngowe-2011 wapapasha umthetho umongameli, njengoko apho FSUE Khrunichev. M. V. Hrunicheva wafumana isebe elitsha - FSUE "UKVZ laseKirov". Ke kaloku yinxalenye iziko indawo ibandakanya, ukongezelela ngasentla, ngakumbi RHM (Rocket and Space Factory), KB "Salyut" ZERKT (Plant Operating ngexabiso kunye nendawo nobuchwepheshe), EQ, nempahla yabathengi (technology zonyango yezityalo kunye iimpahla yabathengi).

Total Khrunichev Research State neMveliso Space Centre amasebe ezisithoba kwiindawo ezisixhenxe ezahlukeneyo, nesigubungelo lonke eli lizwe - Moscow kunye nemimandla - Moscow, Vladimir, saseChelyabinsk, eOmsk, Arkhangelsk, Voronezh, kwaye ngoku eCrimea.

VRP kunye nempahla yabathengi

Le mveliso kwasekwa ekupheleni koo okuqala waza wabizwa ukusebenza ekudalweni nobuchwepheshe obuphambili ekuveliseni ophezulu-obuchwepheshe iimveliso ophezulu umgangatho zobunjineli kwezonyango, apho kuqala oomatshini kunye nezixhobo amasebe labagula oxygenation hyperbaric kunye hypoxia. Umzekelo, kukho kwigumbi xi ioksijini olunye, elixhomekekileyo, ngathi abanye ngexabiso kunye nendawo nobuchwepheshe. isiseko technology unique ngokupheleleyo kunye namava ngempumelelo ngootitshala abaqeqeshwe kakhulu kule ndawo ziye kuvunyelwa xesha lifutshane kangangoko ukuphuhlisa, ukulungiselela ukuveliswa nokukhululwa uthotho bezixhobo zonyango unique, ezifana barosistemy BLKS-307 BLKS-303MK, BLKS-301M.

Isetyenziswa yi zobunjineli ezahlukeneyo EQ kunye yemphahla yabathengi kwizibhedlele zomkhosi: i Burdenko, Vishnevsky, i-Ofisi yoMphathiswa Interior kunye Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation, Institute of Sklifosovsky, NC Loqhaqho, Mma Sechenov, amanye amaziko zonyango abaninzi. ukuthembeka Uphakamileyo imveliso iyazalisekiswa yi zombini inkqubo zobuchwepheshe kunye nolawulo, nto kubalulekile ekuvelisweni zobugcisa isithuba. Esi sityalo ikule ndawo: Moscow, Novozavodskaya isitalato, 18.

ZERKT

Kufutshane le mveliso apho benza ukusebenza ngexabiso kunye nobuchwepheshe emajukujukwini. Imimandla ephambili yomsebenzi oku kulandelayo:

1. Ilungiselela yokuqalisa irula (sungula isithuthi) kwindawo lomphehlelelo.
2. Apho wakha kwaye asebenza kwizakhiwo spaceport for ILV (Space imijukujelwa indawo) "Rokot" yaye "Proton".
3. abasebenzi Tyala uya kuququzelela umsebenzi inxaxheba ukungcitywa kwabo ngokutsha kwe-UK (izibonelelo lokwazisa) kwi Baikonur Russia ( "Rokot" yaye "Proton").
4. Nantsi indalo kunye nokusebenza AAC (isithuba irula leqela) "Angara".

Ulawulo isityalo kunye nolawulo isityalo eMoscow (Novozavodskaya Street), ngomhla kummandla Khrunichev. E Kazakhstan e Baikonur "cosmodrome" isekelwe isiseko moya-test. Kwakhona kummandla Arkhangelsk kuqhuba yesibini isiseko moya-vavanyo kwi cosmodrome "Plesetsk".

RHM

Enterprise "Roscosmos" akayi kuba nako ukusebenza ngokupheleleyo ngaphandle loo mveliso omkhulu-zobugcisa, njengoko rocket isithuba. Technology yeyona eziphambili kakhulu kunye nolwazi-olunzulu, inxulumene ukuya kwimveliso.

Umsebenzi ekuvelisweni: Steel, iphepha-intsimbi, kungekhonto, machining, isixhobo, ibandla kunye nokudibanisa iintsimbi, imbalo-ibandla, electro-lwekhemikhali, Ipeyinti thermal kunye nepeyinti, nokugaya imichiza mbini, iimveliso irabha, izinto ezihlolwayo kunye plastsmass, neentambo, Sivula womoya zeemvavanyo zonke iintlobo kunye nezinye ngakumbi. Loo uluhlu olubanzi lweenkonzo inika uluntu, apho iinkampani inxaxheba kunye nezinye "Roscosmos".

Yonke imveliso zingqinisisiwe kwaye kuvumela imveliso ukuze ufumane banga liphezulu kukuthembeka nomgangatho. Le mveliso kuphela ukuvelisa impahla imizobo esele zenziwe, kodwa ukuphuhlisa terms of reference, sisiphi wena zonke izixhobo zobugcisa iinkqubo ezikhoyo imveliso.

kushishino irula kunye nendawo

corporation Russian "Roscosmos", elawula icandelo isithuba lonke eli lizwe, ekwacwangciswa ngayo ukuguqulwa Federal Agency Space. Yaye indlela yakhe ogcwele ukuya Ministry of Jikelele Machine Building, ngoko, kwakukho abaninzi ngokutsha yendalo, ukuhlanganiswa kunye nemibutho lweshishini kunye nophando, ezo kungokunje kumafa yayo. Uninzi nophando kunye neempumelelo ebhegini yenzekile ngexesha leSoviet.

Office "Roscosmos" eMoscow, iziko lolawulo moya - in the Queen nokulungiselela cosmonauts e Star City. Zombini imizi ngqo phantsi eMoscow. "Roskosmos" usebenzisa cosmodrome ezintathu "Plesetsk", "empuma" kunye "Baikonur". Eyipasile intsebenziswano nee-arhente indawo yamanye amazwe, uqhutywe kwi-zanda unikezelo Hewana, oosomajukujuku kunye iingcali zisebenza kunye kwi-ISS, kunye nokusiwa abasemzini kwisikhululo owenza "Roskosmos". Le corporation kuxhomekeke ukuba yonke le aerospace.

iisimboli

Ithuba yiSoviet of umsebenzi Ministry of General Machine Building onale ngokwenene. Russia iye yaba namandla isithuba lokwenene le Isathelayithi yokuqala eyenziwe ngumntu, sasungulwa ngo-Oktobha 1957, iifoto oosomajukujuku nesibindi izinja Belka kunye Strelka, lwavakala kulo lonke ihlabathi ngoNovemba 1957. Ekugqibeleni wafika ngoAprili 1961, xa umntu wokuqala yabhabhela isithuba - kaYuri Gagarin. Akukho kwafunyanwa uvuyo ngaphantsi ngo-1965 ukuba Alexei Leonov kuqala wahamba zaphuma emkhombeni emajukujukwini ehlabathini. Kwaye ke saya emkhombeni isithuba "Buran" kunye isikhululo Orbital "Mir".

Ngowe-1991, i-Ofisi yoMphathiswa kwaba ihlelwe ngokunxulumene Ukuwa kweUSSR kunye njengentloko-Ofisi yoMphathiswa bathatha inxaxheba mdibi. Inxalenye izinto zamashishini sithuba phezu kummandla kwamanye amazwe. Le ngxaki yemali akavumelekanga ukwenza imodeli yolawulo endala kunye nezibonelelo phindo kunye nezixhobo. Ministry of General Machine Building kwayekwa. Ngowe-1992, i-Afrika (i-Space Agency Russian, ingxelo ngqo nguRhulumente Russian Federation ukunciphisa inani labasebenzi abantu bengamakhulu amabini anamanci mabini kwasekwa.

Space tourism

Inkxaso-mali nophando waba ukunqongophala etsolo, ngokuba enye isisombululo kule ngxaki wafunyanwa. I shoka kushishino lwezokhenketho isithuba. Ngowe-2001, qho yorhwebo kwisithuba amathandathu wathunyelwa Dennis Tito, uze nabakhenkethi ezinjalo kasixhenxe phakathi esisityebi kakhulu. Station "Mir" xa wayesebenza kathathu wobulali ubomi bakhe kwaye yazika kuMzantsi wePasifiki.

ulwakhiwo cosmodrome "East" yasungulwa ngo-2010, yaye kwiinyanga ezintandathu kamva abantu baqala ukusebenzisa inkonzo imephu free - "Roscosmos Geoportal". Ngo-2015, iqumrhu ntsha abe ngaphandle ntlekele, iposi-perestroika iminyaka. Ngokutsha inkululeko babecinga imikhwa nineties - izikim mali Ibar kunye nolawulo, kunye nemfuyo, kukho jikelele ngenxa yokuwa Minobschemasha. Iinkalo zezinto ezenziwa "Roscosmos" iye yandiswa kakhulu. Ngo-Apreli 2016, ukuvulwa yokuqala ukusuka cosmodrome "East".

imisebenzi ephambili

"Roskosmos" Corporation ibonelela ukuphunyezwa kwe-nkqubo karhulumente, ulawulo lomthetho, ubonelela ngeenkonzo kwaye ilawula ipropati nguRhulumente entsimini imisebenzi isithuba.

Ukuphumeza intsebenziswano namazwe-ngamazwe, iiprojekthi kunye neenkqubo ezidibeneyo, isebenza kwizixhobo yomkhosi ezinxulumene enomjukujelwa nesithuba kunye nezixhobo wamajoni ekuyiwa qhinga. Oko kuqinisekiswa ubo sigunyazise neAfrika phezu bamelene.