Ibhande laseArctic: uphawu, uhlobo. Yendawo yezulu yeArctic

I-Arctic yenye yeendawo ezibandayo kunye ezingenampilo zomhlaba. Iquka inxalenye ye-Eurasia. Isikhundla sendawo yebhanti ye-Arctic sinqamle kwiNxweme yaseNyakatho kunye ne-Arctic Ocean. Kukho umda oqhelekileyo kunye nelizwekazi laseMerika. Ngokuqhelekileyo iindawo ezikumantla ePacific naseLwandle lwe-Atlantiki zithunyelwa kwibhande lebhanti . Ingqikithi, i-Arctic ihlala ngaphezulu kweekhilomitha ezili-27 eziqhelekileyo.

Indawo yemozulu

Izibonakaliso zeemeteorological zalo mmandla zichongiwe ngabantu abamnyama abasenyakatho . Ibhanti ye-Arctic yemozulu ilawulwa kuyo yonke i-Arctic Ocean, kunye nakwiintshona zaseSiberia. Imozulu yeFrosty kule mimandla yomhlaba ibanjwe unyaka wonke. I-permafrost ayifudumala yimisebe yelanga, kuba iwela phantsi kunye ne-tangent.

Ungatsho ukuba kubanda kwiArtictic rhoqo. Nangona ehlobo, imisebe yelanga ayinakukwazi ukungenelela kumacwecwe amhlophe. Inani elincinci lokushisa lomhlaba liyaqhubeka, kodwa liya kwiqhwa elikhethiweyo. Indawo ye-climatic ye-Arctic ihlala ibonakaliswe ngokunciphisa izalathisi zokushisa. Ukunciphisa kule ndawo kunqabile kakhulu. Isizathu siqokelelo oluncinci lomphunga wamanzi ngenxa yokushisa okuphantsi. Iqondo eliphakathi lokungena kwemvula alidluli kwi-200 mm ngonyaka.

Ukusondela kwinqanaba laseYurophu yelizwekazi lilo bhanti. Ummandla ophezulu wokusasazeka kwawo yi-East Siberia. Nantsi imozulu yinto encinci, ifanelekile yokuphila. Iimpepho zivame ukuphakama ukuya kuma-12 degrees. Imvula yonyaka iphindwe kabini ukuya kwi-450 mm.

Ibhande laseArctic: uphawu

Okokuqala, lo mmandla wemozulu lugqitywa ngamaqondo ashushu. Iimpawu zifikelela kuma -70 degrees. Into engafanelekanga ebomini yi- Peninsula yaseYamal neTaimyr. Apha ubushushu obushushu busika malunga ne -55 degrees. Umfudumalo omncinci kwindawo yeSspitsbergen noWrangel.

KwiNxweme yaseNyakatho, izikhombisi zivela kwi--43 degrees. Ehlobo, iqondo lokushisa liyakhula -10 ⁰ C. Xa kukho imimandla ethembekileyo kwimimandla yaseGolomyaniy, iVize, iHayes neHooker. Kukho, ikholam ye-thermometer iphakama ibe yi-0. KwiCape Chelyuskin, amanani anyaka-qho ngonyaka avela -14 ⁰ С. Ibhanti yeArctic ivuselela kwiindawo ezifudumele kuphela kwimimandla esezantsi ekupheleni kwexesha lehlobo. Ngo-Agasti, izibonakaliso zingafikelela kwi-10 degrees. Nangona kunjalo, lo bushushu abuhlali ngaphezu kweveki ezimbini.

Ibhanti yaseArctic ihlanganiswe ngamandla amakhulu eqhwa. Ummandla wabo ungaphezu kwe-2 yezigidi zeekhilomitha ezili-square. Ngaphandle kwehlobo le-ultrashort, malunga ne-8% ye-ice e-ice melt. Nangona kunjalo, ekuqaleni kwebusika kwemozulu, ububanzi bamanzi bukhululeka kwakhona.

Iimpawu zesikhokhelo seqhwa

Imimandla esemantla yendawo yamanzi yaseArctic iqhwa ngamamitha ambalwa. I-ice yonyaka ibonakaliswe ubuninzi be-1.5m. Ngethuba lokuqala kwehlobo, phantse iyancibilika. Ngokukufutshane ngo-Oktobha, umgangatho weqhwa uqala ukuphinda uphinde uphinde ube phezu kwamanzi.

Izixuku ezingapheli zininzi kakhulu - ukuya kwiimitha ezine. Ukuthotywa kwefomu ngexesha lokuhamba kweqhwa. Ubuninzi babo buvame ukufikelela kwiimitha ezili-15. Njengomphumo wempembelelo yelanga elifudumeleyo leGulf Stream, iziqhumane zeqhwa ziyeka, zenze i-icebergs. Ubunzulu babo (phantsi kwamanzi) buyahlukahluka kumakhulu emitha. Icebo le-Arctic lidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo yemozulu yehlabathi. Bakhombisa ilanga, bengavumeli uMhlaba ukuba ufudumale ukuya phezulu. Kwakhona kubaluleke kakhulu ekuhambeni kwemilambo yolwandle.

IDedtic Desert

Eyona ndawo ihlala kwiNxweme yaseNyakatho. Ifana nezityalo ezininzi kunye namaqondo amancinci athile. Phantse ubuso bonke buhlanganiswe ngeqhwa nekhephu. Le ndawo ibandakanya imimandla esenyakatho ye-Canada kunye neGreenland.

Ibhanti yaseArctic ihlale ibonakaliswe engafanelekiyo kwiimeko zemozulu. Nangona kunjalo, inqanawa yeqhwa iyona nto inzima kakhulu kwiNxweme yaseNyakatho. Apha kuyinto engavumelekanga ukufumana iilwits kunye ne-mosses. Kwiindawo ezisenzantsi zentlango kunamathole amancinci ama-buttercups kunye nama-polar poppies.

Imozulu apha ayinayo ukuphuhliswa kwezilwanyana kunye neentyatyambo. Ukushisa kuninzi kwonyaka kugcinwe ngaphantsi kwe-zero. Amazinga aphezulu aya kugqitywa ekupheleni kwehlobo-2 - -4 ⁰ C. Ukunqumla kuyinto engavamile.

Ubume bebhanti yaseArctic

Ihlabathi lezityalo limelelwe ngokubanzi ngamaqabunga amancinci. Kwiindawo ezisemzantsi unokufumana utshani obude kunye nezolimo. Kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeentetho zentyatyambo ayikho. Kwizityalo eziqhakazelayo, kuphela i-polar poppy, i-sedge ne-saxifrage iyahlukana.

Ibhanti yeArctic ayityebi kwihlabathi lezilwanyana. Abemi abasemagunyeni, i-top of the chain chain, iibhere ze-polar. Eyona nxalenye esezantsi yeArctic unokufumana i-cow, i-musk iinkomo, izimvu zekhephu, i-lemmings kunye namhlophe abamhlophe. Izilwanyana ezinobungozi kakhulu ziingcuka kunye nezimpungushe ze-arctic. Iintlobo eziqhelekileyo zezilwanyana ezinconyayo kwi-Arctic ziyi-rodents.

Izinyoni zifika kuphela ehlobo. Izilwanyana zihlala zihlala kwi-tundra.

Kwiindawo zamanzi zeArctic zihlala izikhonkwane, iimpawu, izilwanyana kunye nemikhomo.