Iimpawu Matrona ( "Matryona" A. I. Solzhenitsyna)

Phakathi imisebenzi emihle A. I. Solzhenitsyna ngokuqinisekileyo fanele ibali "Matryona" yomfazi elula Russian ngobomi nzima. Iimvavanyo ezininzi uwe kuyo iqashiso layo, kodwa Heroine ukuya ekupheleni kwemihla yakhe, zigcinwe umphefumlo uthando ubomi, ububele olukhulu, ukuzimisela zizinikele ngenxa ezilungileyo kwabanye. Kwinqaku umfundi uphawu lomfanekiso Matrona.

"Matryona": isiseko yokwenene imveliso

USolzhenitsyn wabhala ibali 1959 kwaye ekuqaleni ngokuba oko "akufanele ilali ngaphandle indoda elilungisa" (imingcele kwesihloko lwaye amended). Kwase ye umlinganiswa ophambili yaba Matrona Timofeevna Zakharova, Ndingumhlali wase elalini Miltsevo, ibekwe kummandla Vladimir. Umbhali wayephila kwiminyaka yakhe uchitelstvovaniya emva kokubuya evela kwiinkampu. Ngoko ke, iimvakalelo kunye neengcinga ze umbalisi ubukhulu becala ibonisa izimvo umbhali, kususela kwimini yokuqala, ngenxa wokwamkelwa kwakhe, waziva endlwini ezingaqhelekanga umfazi into kufuphi nentliziyo dear. Kutheni oku kunokwenzeka, ndincede ukuze achaze iimpawu Matrona.

"Matryona": ekumazini yokuqala kunye Heroine

Grigorieva wakhokela umbalisi endlwini, xa zonke iinketho zokusonjululwa zokuhlala sele ziqwalaselwe. Isibakala sokuba Marya Vasilievna wahlala yedwa kwindlu endala. Zonke izinto zakhe umandlalo, itafile, izitulo kunye nenkosikazi ozithandayo zezityalo zerabha. Ewe, cat ekubekwe, awalithabathayo umfazi yimfesane elibamba esitratweni, kunye nebhokhwe. Pension lafumana njengoko kwifama endaweni iintsuku ncangathi-invoyisi. Umsebenzi ayaba nako ngenxa yezizathu zempilo. Kamva, Noko ke, ebunzimeni uye wakhupha ipension ilahleko yendoda yakhe. Loo nto cwaka weza uncedo nabani, obethetha naye, asabamba nento ngemigudu yabo. "Matryona" Eli lokuqala kweli bali Matryona. Kusenokwenzeka kongezelelwa ke umpheki wayengazi ukuba umlimi kakhulu, kodwa ke umqeshi lowo nepriveredliv yaye akazange ukukhalaza. Inomfana amaxesha inyanga, bahlasela isifo enamandla, xa umfazi babengamele ukuma up. Kodwa ke ngelo xesha akazange ukukhalaza, yaye wazama ukuba kugcuma, ukuze ukuba ukuphazamisa umqeshi. Ingakumbi umbhali ubethelela amehlo aluhlaza ngoncumo unyulu - uphawu ukungafihli kunye nobubele.

okumiselwe enzima Heroine

Ibali lobomi kunceda ukuqonda ngcono le ndoda. Ngaphandle bekuya kuba aliphelelanga kwaye Matrona feature kweli bali "Matryona".

abantwana babo umlimi wayengekho: zonke ezintandathu wafa ezelwe. Waye watshata kungekhona ngenxa yothando: iminyaka embalwa elinde ukuba umyeni lo ngaphambili, waza wavuma ukuba ube nomfazi womzalwana wakhe omncinane - Kwakunzima, yaye isandla entsatsheni akwanelanga. Kungekudala emva kokuba betshatile umva Thaddeus Young, ongazange wamxolela Yefim kunye Marya. Oku kwakukholelwa ukuba wabeka isiqalekiso phezu kwabo, yaye kamva indoda yaloo Heroine izakulahleka emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi yesibini. Ibhinqa liya kuthatha phezu imfundo kuKoreshi, intombi omncinane Thaddeus, wabanika luthando lwakhe nenyameko. Konke oku umbalisi bafunda evela iindwendwe, yaye kwathi gqi phambi kuye ebe entsha. Nditsho ke, umbalisi waqonda ukuba kude yokwenene yokuqala iimpawu Matrona wakhe.

Matryona kweso zibe foster ngunina amehlo awayeno- Thaddeus, owayenqwenela ukuthatha njengekhazi lazo, wamisa uKoreshi. Le yinxalenye egumbini eliphezulu kwaye zibangela ukufa Heroine.

Phila abanye

Marya Vasilievna sele kudala waba sokuba lembandezelo. Umbhali uchaza ukubandezeleka kwakhe, xa kwathi ngexesha umntu kubhaptizwa wamzeka imbiza amanzi angcwele. Ke ngesiquphe Ndilahlekelwe cat. Kwaye phambi kokuba ukhetha ugqabazoQXml elibe iindwendwe yaye akazange yena uhambe. ekuweni kophahla kwakuthetha isiphelo ebomini bakhe. Kwezi zinto zincinane zidibanisa wonke ubomi Heroine, wayehlala hayi kodwa abanye. Xa Marya Vasilevna wahamba kunye wonke umntu phezu kwibhulorho kaloliwe, naye wayefuna ukunceda. Ngokunyanisekileyo, evulekileyo, hayi ayenza yamibi yi sikweni yobomi. Zonke kwamkelwa yalapho elimisiweyo, yaye akazange bamrokrela. Elo sigqibo lushwankathela iimpawu Matrona.

"Matryona" iphela Umngcwabo ngenkcazelo yeziqendu Heroine. Idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqondeni indlela ezahlukeneyo le umlimi abantu endaweni yakhe. Umbalisi ithi ziintlungu ukuba oodade kunye Thaddeus nangoko baqala ukwabelana omncinane impahla iindwendwe. Kwaye nkqu intombi ngokungathi abafumana ngokwenene ilahleko, ixesha ukundibamba wena ibhatyi. Kwisiqalo ntoni unobalisa wakhumbula Marya ephilileyo, yahluke gqitha bonke abanye. Kwaye ndaqonda: kuyinto olilungisa, ngaphandle apho angafanele omnye ilali. Ngoko ukuba kukho ilali - lonke ilizwe lethu. Oku kuboniswa ubomi kunye iimpawu Matrona.

"Matryona" iqulethe umbhali liva kabuhlungu xa yena (njengokuba, eneneni, kunye nabanye) na ngexesha lokudla kwakhe ubomi angabi nako ukuqonda ngokupheleleyo nobukhulu lo mfazi. Ngenxa yokuba sikwazi ukubona umsebenzi Solzhenitsyn njenge uhlobo inguquko phambi Heroine abanye 'ubumfama yakhe yokomoya.

It utyhila enye ingongoma. Kwi umzimba engenakulungiswa ye Heroine wahlala ubuso yayinjalo eqaqambileyo kunye kwengalo yasekunene. "Kuya kuba kuthi apha ehlabathini ukuze athandaze," - wathi omnye abafazi kweli bali "Matryona". Iimpawu Matrona, ngaloo ndlela asinyanzele ukuba ukukhumbula ukuba inani labantu abahlala kwiimeko kunzima nabakwaziyo ukulondoloza isidima sobuntu, ububele, ukuthobeka. Yaye ngokuyinxenye ngenxa yabo, kukho kweli hlabathi lizaliswe inkohlakalo, ingqiqo ezifana uvelwano, ububele, uncedo efanayo.