Imbali yokudala umdlalo "Ngezantsi" nguMnu Gorky

Wonke umntu odlala umdlalo ufuna ukudala umdlalo ongayi kubhena kuphela kubahlali, kodwa nakwizizukulwana ezizayo. Ukuze uhlale ufanelekileyo kwiminyaka emininzi kunokuba ngumsebenzi ophethe intsingiselo ethile, ufundise into ethile, ubonakalisa iinkalo ezingakhethi zoluntu, ulungisa iingxaki zoluntu. Kungenxa yemisebenzi enjalo ukuba umdlalo "Ngezantsi" ngowakhe.

Imbali yokubhala umdlalo

Umsebenzi kaMaxim Gorky "Ngezantsi" wapapashwa ngo-1902. Kwabhalwa ngokukodwa kwiqela le-Art Art Public Theater. Lo mdlalo unesiphelo esinzima kakhulu: usuphelile ukuvalwa kunye nokunyanzeliswa, ngenxa yeminyaka emininzi, iingxabano malunga nomxholo wayo, ubugcisa bokuqala abuzange bume. Lo mdlalo udunyiswa waza wagxekwa, kodwa akukho mntu waphatha kakubi. Ukudalwa komdlalo "Ngezantsi" kwakunzima, umbhali waqala ukusebenza ngawo ngo-1900, waza wagqiba iminyaka emibini emva koko.

UGorky wakhankanya ubugcisa obuphawulekayo ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20. Ngaloo ndlela wabelana noStanislavsky ingcamango yakhe yokwenza umdlalo waseBosnia, apho kwakuza kubakho abalinganiswa babini. Umlobi ngokwakhe akangazi oko kuza kuza kuso, akazange abalekele kwimpumelelo enkulu, ibonakalisa umsebenzi wakhe njengokungaphumeleli, kunye necebo elibuthathaka, elidlulileyo.

Abalinganiswa abakhulu be drama

Imbali yokudalwa komdlalo "Ngezantsi" yinto ecacileyo. UMaxim Gorky wayefuna ukumxelela malunga nokuqwalaselwa kwehlabathi leeklasi eziphantsi. Kuye "abantu basekuqaleni" umbhali wayengathethi nje kuphela abemi base-doss-izindlu, abaxhamli nabangqingili, kodwa nabameli be-intelligentsia, badidekile ebomini, abaye bahluleka. Kwakukho neempembelelo zangempela zabathathi-nxaxheba.

Ngaloo ndlela, ibali lokudalwa komdlalo "Ngezantsi" litsho ukuba umbhali wenza umfanekiso weBubnov, ukudibanisa abalinganiswa bootitshala abaziqhelanisiweyo kunye nabafundisi beengqondo. Ugqirha uGorky ukopishwe kumculi weBolosovsky-Sokolovsky, kwaye ukusuka kumabali kaCladiadia Gross waboleka umfanekiso kaNastya.

Ukulwa nokucelwa

Kufuneka ixesha elide lichithwe ekufumaneni imvume yokupasa umdlalo. Umlobi wavikela zonke iimpawu zobuntu, yonke imida yendalo yakhe. Ekugqibeleni, imvume yanikezwa, kodwa kuphela kwi-Art Theater. Ibali lokudalwa komdlalo "Ngezantsi" kwakungekho lula, uGorky ngokwakhe akazange akholelwe kwimpumelelo yakhe, kwaye amagunya avumela ukuveliswa, enethemba lokungaphumeleli okukhulu. Kodwa kwavela ngokuphambene noko: umdlalo wawuyimpumelelo ephawulekayo, unikezwa ezininzi iimpapasho kumaphephandaba, umbhali wayebizwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwinqanaba, emncoma ngokuma.

Imbali yokudalwa komdlalo "Ezantsi" ibonakala ukuba iGorky akazange ayigqibe ngokukhawuleza igama layo. Idrama sele ibhaliwe, kwaye indlela yokuyibiza ngayo, umbhali wayo akayi kugqiba. Phakathi kwezinye izinto ezaziwayo zilandelayo: "Ngaphandle kwelanga", "Kwindlu yokulala", "Ekupheleni kobomi", "Nochlezhka", "Bottom". Kwiminyaka engama-90 yekhulu lemashumi mabini kwenye yeevenkile zaseMoscow zaqhutyelwa umdlalo othiwa "Ngezantsi." Kungakhathaliseki ukuba yintoni, kodwa umdlalo wamukelwa kakuhle ngumbukeli hhayi kuphela eRashiya, kodwa nakwamanye amazwe. Ngomnyaka we-1903 i-premiere yomdlalo eyenziwa eBerlin. Idrama idlalwe ngamaxesha angama-300 ngokulandelana, kwaye oku kubonisa impumelelo engakaze yenziwa.