Karl 7 Winner - King of France. Biography, ebudeni bolawulo

ngosuku lwasebusika lisibekele Februwari 22, 1403 eParis wehlelwa luvuyo - kwintsapho yasebukhosini kanye wazalwa yinkosana. Esi sisiganeko lulodwa nje inqabile kunjalo, kulo mzekelo, ke kubaluleke kakhulu eFransi, kuba wazalwa elizayo Korol Karl 7, waya ezantsi kwimbali kunye kwisihloko "Winner". Loo nto nje ngubani yaye yintoni ntengo unako ukuphumelela, engekangeni ibali kweli nqaku.

Young Dauphin - yindlalifa

Abazali bakhe - isiFrentshi uKumkani uCharles VI i Mad, unikwa ngokupheleleyo azahlulele kuye isiteketiso, kunye nenkosikazi yakhe, asinike Isabella yaseBavaria, uCharles wayengunyana yesihlanu, kodwa oko kwenzeke ukuze bonke ababengaphambi kwakhe wafa esemncinane, akuba yamkhulula, ngoko ke indlela kwisihlalo sobukhosi.

Ngokutsho ayephila, kuye esemncinane wabonakalisa iimpawu lokumkani oyinyaniso, - isibindi, ukunxanelwa amandla kunye nobuhlakani ebandayo. Kwakubonakala ukuba ikamva umiselwe ukuba lokulawula. Nangona kunjalo, indlela eya itrone akusoloko ngqo kwaye kulula. Oku elinesihlanu-Dauphin - yindlalifa etroneni, kwakufuneka aqiniseke, xa abaxhasi iNkosana iBurgundy, kukho iqela lezopolitiko kayise, wathabatha phezu eParis, kwanyanzeleka ukuba yokubhabha okuhlazisayo.

Imiqobo endleleni eya itrone

I stroke elilandelayo isiphelo 7 Karl ngowe 1421, xa abazali bakhe ngesiquphe ebekwe ukuphucwa ilungelo lwakhe ukuya elukakayini, evakalisa ongekho. Ukuze le njongo kwenziwe uguqulelo yoluntu, ngokutsho leyo, yaba isiqhamo uthando imfihlelo unina Queen Isabella kunye umntu lady senkundla, ogama, Noko ke, ayizange ngokuba.

Ekutshintsheni iziganeko esichengeni iingxaki ezinzulu, ziingxabano gazi, kuba kulo mzekelo, lo pretender ukuya kwetrone waba babini ngaphezulu - iNkosana Orleans kunye nonyana oselula kaKumkani uHenry V. kutshanje oswelekileyo I inkxaso ngamandla abatsha yaye abangenamava oliqhophololo yezopolitiko kufuneka Carl, yaye ndiyifumene batshata intombi Iolandy Aragonskoy, na ukumkanikazi izikumkani emine kanye - Naples, iYerusalem, eSisili naseAragon.

Lo mkhuba Ntombi of Orleans

Kodwa, nkqu kunye nokhuselo ngomama ezingaqhelekanga ezifana umthetho nenkxaso yakhe ngoxa ndasukuzana phezulu ukuya etroneni, uCharles akakwazanga ukusombulula ingxaki engundoqo - ukuba bawukhuphe amaNgesi, bambamba ngelo xesha yinxalenye enkulu yobukumkani French, ezama ukunyanzela ubeke phezu kwetrone uTimoti.

Yokungabi ukujongana abanawo amandla okanye nokuzimisela, Dauphin aziphelelanga ekulawuleni indawo encinane ngezantsi Loire. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba lo mhlaba kuya kufuneka ukuba ukunika indlela, ukuba akukho ummangaliso. Kwawo intombazana eselula owayehlala kwidolophana Domremy ngasemdeni Lorraine, wakholwa injongo yakho ephezulu. Igama lakhe Jeanne d'Arc. Apha ebalini yena wangena phantsi igama Virgin of Orleans.

Le ibekwa kudala elindelwe

Ukubonakala le nkosana zasekuhlaleni umxelele into wakhethwa nguThixo ukuba asindise eFransi, yena wafuna ukuba amncede kufika kwidolophu Chinon, apho, njengoko wayesaziwa, ngoko uKarl 7. Ukungazi indlela ukuphendula intetho crazy enjalo, umlawuli wabo bonke kwakhona wanika ukhuselo wakhe, ukongeza, baxhotyiswa amaphepha eziyimfuneko.

Abanye yaziwa, kunoko, ilejendi kunokuba kwimithombo obubhaliweyo. Kodwa amarhe ithi, ndakuqonda malunga ukufika kwale undwendwe engaqhelekanga, i Dauphin wagqiba ukuzama kuyo. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ke utyelwe endaweni yayo enye inkundla, ibe wavuka kancinane ngakumbi. Kwenzeka njani sikhulu Bamangaliswa jikelele xa intombazana ilizwe, zange ngaphambili akumbona uCharles, wathetha nayo, Ngokungawahoyi nabanye.

Evakalayo oku umqondiso ovela phezulu, uKarl 7 ngokuphawulekayo ukhwaza. Wavakalisa umnqweno ukuzalisekisa ekugqibeleni ikamva lakhe, waphuma ngoko nangoko waya saseReims, apho ngokwemveli benze umsitho Ukuvuma kwitrone French yasebukhosini. Kukho kwakhona lwenziwe kwaye ibekwa kaCharles 7.

Ukufa Joan of Arc

Malunga oko kwenzekayo, amakhulu nemiqulu yophando awayebhalwe. Zichazwe ngokweenkcukacha indlela French wakhuthaza yi noJeanne endleleni eya saseReims zokuthwala ukusuka British isixeko omnye emva komnye, njengoko Orleans ekhululekileyo nendlela kubulela 7 Charles wakhe, uKumkani waseFransi, wenyuka ekugqibeleni kwisihlalo sobukhosi. udumo lwakhe Wayaneka kwilizwe liphela, yaye igama waba kwebhanile phantsi apho abantu wawagxotha abahleli ezweni labo.

Kodwa kukho kwakhona ibali malunga nendlela May 23, 1430 kule Kwidabi isixeko Compiègne Ntombi of Orleans bakhaya ndingcatshiwe kwaye ezandleni British ndamthiya. Emva kweveki nalo litshisiwe ngokuba imbuka. Abaninzi bathi njengoba umsi yobukrakra yakhe emlilweni agcwalise umoya yaseFransi. Ukufa intombazana waba isiqalekiso oye wahlupheka ngokwayo yonke indlu ka-Charles 7. ukukwazi ukuba asindise Jeanne - mission wasezulwini, wazibeka phezu kwakhe isithsaba kunye etroneni, yena basely bayibeka izandla wabasiki.

Ukulwa umoya esamenza Ntombi of Orleans kubantu bakhe, kwafumaniseka ukuba obungenakutshatyalaliswa, yaye emva kokufa kwakhe. Kwiminyaka emine emva koko, i-French wagxothwa phantse ngokupheleleyo abahleli ezweni labo, Carl 7, uKumkani waseFransi, impahla yakhe phambi kweentshaba zakhe lwaseBurgundy.

Phantsi umthwalo isiqalekiso

Ngenxa ukugxothwa akhonze abathethi British kwaye ezoyisa, wehla embalini njengoko ophumeleleyo ka Charles VII. Kodwa ke isiqalekiso ukuba wabazisela yena nenzala yakhe, iza kuchaphazela kwiminyaka yokugqibela yobomi bakhe. Akumangalisi ke bathi ububi ozalayo ububi. Wamngcatsha umsindisi kwakhe, naye waba lixhoba ukungcatshwa umntu sisondele kuye - nonyana wakhe, indlalifa, ikamva uKumkani uLouis XI.

lunxano ukutshiseka igunya imnyanzele oliqhophololo abaselula Dauphin uyise womnatha oplesti zimdaka, nto leyo linjengokubhukuqwa injongo yakhe. Kuphela ukugxothwa Louis ilifa appanage kude kusindiswa ukumkani evela utyhilo yegazi sisemnyango. Kodwa ke, Louis akazange siyeke icebo lakhe. Ngemva kokubaleka ukusuka kwindawo ekuthinjweni yakhe, waba lutshaba kayise okubi - iNkosana Burgundy uFilipu, ngalisayo ababethwala lesiqhulo "Good."

inkosi mad

Phantse zonke 1458 ukumkani elele ebhedini ukugula, nto leyo eye yaba ngenxa usulelo ukuba ungena inxeba wawafumana ngexesha kwezithandani wayenguphum eneenkani uJean d'Armagnac. Maxa wambi, inkundla wacinga ukuba owayegulela ukufa, kodwa ukuthanda Providence, uKumkani waphila iminyaka emithathu, ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngokuthumela unyana wakhe incwadi apho wacela uxolo waza wathembisa ukubuya.

Kodwa ke intliziyo emkhenkceni Louis. Ilindele kokufa kukayise, yena obala namonde yakhe, wada waqesha nabavumisi ngeenkwenkwezi, ukusuka apho wayenethemba ukufunda umhla nelixa. Oku Waxelelwa uKarl, kwaye ingqondo yakhe nako ukumelana. Kunyaka ophelileyo yokuphila ukumkani bambamba usizi yalo. Woyika ukuba tyhefu ngokwemiyalelo, unyana wakhe, wasinda yachukumisa ukutya, ebangela amandla ebelahlekile waza ukunyibilika phambi kwabanye. Kukhathazeka ukubulawa abazange bamvumele ukuba bashiye amagumbi zabo. Ukoyika umgwinti wajika kukumkani umbanjwa, sanga singabamiselwe kude kuse ephakadeni.

Isiphelo sobomi kunye zolawulo iyonke

Phakathi ku-ehlotyeni 1461 imeko ukumkani zimbi kakhulu. ukwazi eluziziz Kongezelelwa ithumba umqala, akakwazi afumane ukutya abana- wavuma. Ngenxa yoko, ngoJulayi 22, wabulawa ukudinwa epheleleyo waza wangcwatywa Abbey of Saint-Denis, apho kulahlwa khona uthuthu zabazali bakhe.

UKarl 7, kwincwadi engobomi bomntu elifutshane apho isiseko eli nqaku, nakuba yehlazo ezinxulumene kokufa Joan of Arc, wehla embalini njengoko ukumkani eFransi, ngubani enze okuninzi malunga nempumelelo yakhe. Ngokukodwa, xa wangaPhakathi ilizwe phantsi kolawulo lokumkani elinye, kwaye yokuqala ukuvela kwi umkhosi rhoqo, eyakhiwa ngayo ophandonzulu gendarmerie - kartel enzima, bambethe ilinen isuti epheleleyo isikrweqe.

Waba ngunozala kwiYunivesithi Poitiers kunye umdali inkqubo yoqoqosho, nto leyo eya kuphucula kakhulu umgangatho wokuphila onke amacandelo oluntu. Kwaye namhlanje, enoba sengqondo kubaphandi bakhe ubuntu kwexesha, kufuneka sivume ukuba emva kweminyaka 32 ngamandla (1429-1461), eshiya eli hlabathi, uCharles wemka France kwimo engcono kunokuba ifunyenwe.