Iminyaka wolawulo Thutmose. Ngokoyisa Thutmose

Imbali laseYiputa yamandulo uyazazi ookumkani abane ogama Thutmose, bonke abo bamanywe omnye ka-18 amakhosi yaye walawula omnye emva komnye. Kodwa uphawu libalulekileyo kwimbali yasekhohlo, kakade, Thutmose III. Egypt Wavuka ukuya phezulu nanto kwiminyaka yakhe karhulumente. Thutmose kunye kaHammurabi (ukumkani waseBhabhiloni) kudla kuthelekiswa, ukuzoba ukufana phakathi amaphulo emkhosini kunye nomgaqo-ndlongo amazwe. Zombini landiswa kakhulu imida karhulumente yakhe, ngonaphakade inscribing amagama abo kwimbali World Ancient.

Thutmose I

Ebudeni bolawulo Thutmose I - 1504-1492, i- BC. Yithi ngemvelaphi yayo kunzima, izazinzulu ziye zacebisa ukuba indoda udade Amenhotep Mna, kwaye kunokwenzeka ukuba unyana ka uFaro Ahmose I (ngunozala ubukhosi 18). ebudeni bolawulo Thutmose I - esi sisiqalo yokoyiswa, leyo landiswa kakhulu imida kwiYiputa yamandulo. Ekuqaleni kobukumkani bakhe Nubia kwakukho qhankqalazo. Ukumkani ngokobuqu inxaxheba ingcinezelo yayo, ngokutsho yeziKronike yamandulo, kwagxila nomkhonto wakhe inkokheli yabantu eneenkani. Nubia lusizi ngokupheleleyo kunye nezizwe zonke ngamakhoboka. ukoyisa kwakhe eMzantsi bafudukela wesithathu abanale loMnayile, kwaye emantla - ukuya kumlambo iEfrati. behlasela noloyiso zacebisa zengcebo ngeendleko impahla ebiweyo kunye irhafu ehlawulwa abantu oyiswe. Oku kuye kwabangela ukuba zokwakha olusebenzayo iitempile. Thutmose yayindim uFaro lokuqala awaguqukayo amangcwaba buvele babekhetha ikheswa ingcwaba ukusuka etempileni yakhe yokungcwaba. I Engcwele yakhiwa ngo kusemnandi emfihlekweni kakhulu, oko oqingqiweyo engxondorheni. Ngowe-1881 kwafunyaniswa ukuba Mama kaFaro.

lenzala Thutmose I wafa ezelwe (oonyana ababini kunye nentombi), kwakukho omnye kuphela doch Hatshepsut. Imitshato usapho Vala ukuxhaphaka, wamnika emtshatweni ukuya kwisiqingatha-umzalwana wakhe (uyise) Thutmose II, unyana ka i "akukho engundoqo 'umfazi. Yayinguye uFaro elandelayo.

Thutmose II

ukumkani waseYiputa ayikho impilo entle kakhulu, ngoko ebudeni bolawulo likaFaro Tuthmosis II mfutshane. Ezinye Egyptologists bakholelwa ukuba etroneni iminyaka emine kuphela. Noko ke, le ukuqashisela kuphela, yaye ngako oko ke usuku wolawulo Thutmose II, ngokuqhelekileyo ibonisa umbhalo 1492 BC po1489 Ngomnyaka wokuqala wobukumkani bakhe yabalasela gadalala yemvukelo e Nubia, xa isizwe bawatshabalalisa onke amadoda ababanga nako ukufumana. Thutmose II iye igcinwe yonke imimandla ezoyiswa nguyise. Of Hatshepsut, waba neentombi ezimbini, kodwa ke unyana ebeneshweshwe, kodwa ukuba wadlula etroneni emva kokufa likaFaro.

Queen Hatshepsut

uFaro Female, omnye umlawuli edume eYiputa. isimo lakhe phezulu, njengoko mbali ezininzi, oko ukufikelela ngexesha xa imithetho Thutmose mna, oko kukuthi, uyise wayo, kwaye ngoko, mhlawumbi, waye co-umlawuli yendoda yakhe. Oku kamva wavumela ukuba asuse itrone ukusuka kuFaro abaselula. Emva kokufa komyeni wakhe, yena waye wamiselwa ibamba konyaka-12 Thutmose III, ngokunjalo ke ngonyaka nolunolwazi bethuna ngoxolo bagxothwa kuye. Waye eyaduma kwindawo zokuqala zokwakha esebenzayo, umxhasi inkcubeko kunye nenzululwazi, baqhele ukuba le indodana yakhe Thutmose III. Egypt xa kwatyatyamba ngokwezoqoqosho, kodwa phantse walahlekelwa ilifa ePalestina kunye Syria. Nangona, ngokutsho kwezinye iingxelo, yena inxaxheba ngokobuqu kumaphulo asemkhosini, ngokubanzi nkqubo, angaphandle kule minyaka ingamashumi amabini idlulileyo ngoxolo. Ukumkanikazi ulawula phantse 22 iminyaka. Ngokutsho idatha yakutshanje afunyenwe emva kokufunda Mama lakhe, wafa eneminyaka engama-50 ukusuka sifo (umhlaza wesibindi, nangezilonda bone kunye diabetes). Xa ubomi ngokwayo sakhiwe itempile lengcwaba, oko oqingqiweyo kulo iliwa, kwaye ukunyanzela kunye nobukhulu kunye yomhombiso wakhe namhlanje.

Thutmose III

Uthelekelelo ngexesha lokulawula Thutmose III - 1479-1425 BC Kodwa enyanisweni, weza etroneni emva kokufa kaVan kwakhe, Hatshepsut. Into yokuqala awayenzayo - iyala ukutshatyalaliswa zonke izinto ezibhekiselele kuyo, ukucima igama evela iindonga, atshabalalise nomfanekiso. Ziziphi izizathu oku, kunzima kuthi kanye ngoku, mhlawumbi zobuqu, ababhali-mbali bacinga ukuba oku kwenziwa phantsi kwempembelelo yezikhulu wenkundla. Iminyaka wobukumkani kaFaro Tuthmosis III kwabonisa utshintsho lwezifundo ze-nkqubo ngokubonakalayo ndlongo angaphandle ngoxolo. Kwiminyaka xa Thutmose III imithetho, Egypt iye yaba yenye yezona karhulumente yamandulo.

Ukuba sithethe eni yomphathi enkulu, izazinzulu zikholelwa ukuba eqingqiweyo zakhe ayinanto yakwenza ukubonakala elililo. Ngokusekelwe kuphononongo ziingcali Ma ziye zagqiba ukuba akakho mde kakhulu, kodwa babengama-ezichanekileyo, namandla.

amaphulo Military Thutmoses III

UFaro ezahlukeneyo esebenzayo nkqubo emkhosini, kodwa amaphulo kakhulu okuphawulekayo abadumileyo ilandelayo:

1. uhambo lokuqala ukuya eSiriya. Kukholelwa ukuba isizathu ukuba imvukelo zezizwe Asia. Kaloku, isizathu enye kwiinkulungwane ezininzi ezadlulayo - urhulumente kufuneka amakhoboka, izibonelelo, kwaye avule indlela urhwebo amazwe. Ngeenyawo ukuya eSiriya kakhulu yalomeleza indawo korhulumente umYiputa kwi the Near East.
2. Kumadabi nyaka-29 wolawulo kaFaro. Yaba iphulo yesihlanu emkhosini eAsia Minor. Ngenxa yoko amaYiputa kunxweme yaseFenike ke yathinjwa indawo yezolimo enkulu Jahi, owaba ingongoma namandla.
3. amaphulo yesithandathu wesixhenxe wobukumkani Tuthmosis III ulwandle. Iinqanawa lihambe lweMeditera kwaye zisangena okokuqala kwi Zemar (mihla ummandla Syria i-). Injongo eKedeshe enqabeni - enye yezona kungenakugqithwa, zokungqinga yayo phantse ezintandathu iinyanga, kodwa iziphumo akazange anikezele. AmaYiputa bawuphanga Kubumelwane kunye kwanyanzeleka ukuba ushiye unxweme. Ukubuyela okwesihlandlo sesibini, awuthimba umkhosi kaFaro umzi yaseFenike Ullaza.
4. uhambo wesibhozo evunyiweyo kobunganga laseYiputa lonke elaseSiriya, Palestine, Finnick. Ababhali-mbali bathi eli xesha, noluya ukudliwa wamajoni Thutmose III.
5. Ngokubhekele phaya intaba (9, 10, 13, imizuzu 14) bathathwa kwiminyaka eyi 34-39 beplanga Thutmoses III. Bona babengasekho ngokucacileyo banqande, kodwa kunokuba zazijoliswe kugcina imimandla sele yoyiswa, ngoku ke neziphithiphithi.
6. uhambo lokugqibela Asia. Ngokwenjongo kwaba ngaphezulu uhambo lwezohlwayo ukuba iphelise abanxaxhayo eSiriya, idolophu efanayo kweKadeshe Tunip wema yintloko qhankqalazo. Zombini iinqaba kwathathwa amaYiputa, abo babulala ngesibetho ephehlayo ixesha elide ekomelezeni indawo urhulumente yakhe Syria nezaseFenike.

Zonke oyisa ngexesha lokulawula kwiindawo Thutmose III aguqulwe kwiphondo eYiputa kunye nabaphathi bendawo kwiirhuluneli yayo. izizwe ezininzi ezotywe umnikelo itekeni intlonelo nobuqabane nemigomo yakhe. Conquest of Thutmose III waseYiputa yajika yaba amandla enamandla kakhulu, womelele. Akukho koFaro emva ayiphumelelanga ukwandisa imida ngakumbi kunokuba kwenziwa kuye.

Nkqubo ngaphakathi kurhulumente ngamaxesha Tuthmosis III

Siza kuqhubeka ukwakha ngenkuthalo, njengoko kwimeko Queen Hatshepsut, kuquka ukuba sakhiwe Karnak itempile ka Amun-Re kunye Obelisk. Ngokutsho wesingqino, wahlala phezu iindonga kwiitempile kunye namangcwaba, UFaro umntu ubhetyebhetye kakhulu, axhasa ubugcisa. Ukongeza amandla ezibalaseleyo-mkhosi, waba izitya ebanzi-ezifanayo nkqu efanisiweyo nodongwe, ogama amaphulo yabe seengcibi. Ngokwemiyalelo kwi kaFaro eYiputa ngaphandle iintlobo ezintsha zezityalo neentlobo zezilwanyana. Xa umkhosi yobungcali osisigxina, wakha iinqanawa (ingakumbi zemisedare savela Libya) kwasekwa. Thutmose III kwakhokelela Egypt '53. UQoqosho nophuhliso kunye nezenkcubeko zikarhulumente yabalasela kwiminyaka yakhe karhulumente. KaHammurabi and Thutmose ndilibalule iminyaka ngexesha nekhulu ambalwa, kodwa ayafana phakathi kwabo, bobabini abaphathi iinkokeli ezinkulu, kodwa ezopolitiko abafundileyo kuphela. Ngegama uHammurabi waseBhabhiloni enxulumene ephezulu, ukudala imo yomthetho, kunye Thutmose III waseYiputa wajika waya ubukhosi elinamandla, abarhola ngokwakhe ngokufanelekileyo isihloko "uNapoleon Zamandulo", kodwa hayi punisher, uFaro wabonisa uluntu ukuba abantu oyiswe, hayi benze ukubulawa befuna kunye kohlanga.

Art XVIII ubukhosi

Egypt ngeli xesha uye phambili isikhundla ngamazwe, ifikelele amandla nanto, bume fluffiness wande, impahla yokunxiba kunye nezinto yezikhulu. A indima ephambili vutshila eli xesha edlala IThebes - elikomkhulu ngurhulumente ngelo xesha. Kwiitempile ezakhiwe ngeli xesha, omkhulukazi kwaye amisiweyo, kwaye lomngcwabo ngokwemveli wahluliwe emangcwabeni, apho zaba nemikrolo ukuthintela kwempahla e imiwonyo ezikude. umsebenzi obalaseleyo zakhiwo wamandulo iTempile Queen Hatshepsut.

umculo Ancient Egyptian

Ezininzi bas-imikrolo ebonisa singers and izixhobo uthethe ngokubaluleka umculo kubomi amaYiputa. Kwaba ekhaya, ehamba kunye neenkqubo yabasebenzi ezahlukeneyo, mbhiyozo abaninzi, imingcelele lwesithethe. Ngemihla ubukhosi XVIII sele likhona ndlwana ebhotwe. Eyona engundoqo izixhobo zomculo: neehadi, imbande, neehadi, nemirhubhe, igubu kunye SISTROM (metal ratchet). Xa ixesha umculo ebhotwe XVIII indlu kunye ekuphuhliseni emkhosini, kukho izibopho yokuqala kunye nezixhobo zokubetha kunye nemibhobho.

Thutmose IV

UFaro imithetho malunga 1397-1388 BC, kwaye kakhulu ixesha elifutshane. Ngokutsho uphando Mama, wafa, besebancinane. Ngethuba yakhe itrone zingaphawulwa yi enkulu. Thutmose IV liqalise amaphulo aliqela emkhosini, kodwa akazange aphinde uzuko ababengaphambi kwakhe.

Waphinda wabonisa umdla kulwakhiwo bokwakha of neyezingaphambili Wahlahla SPHINX ukusuka nentlabathi, sele kugqityiwe ulwakhiwo obelisk ka Thutmose III.