Nentlekele "Ummangaliso Russian". Imbali ye-moya, "ukwaluka" (T-4)

Xa kwimbali Soviet Air Force T-4 uye indawo ekhethekileyo. Yaba projekthi yebhongo kwaye iyabiza lo moya, leyo kuthiwa ukuba umdlali yingozi abathwali wolwandle US. Ukusekwa T-4 iphawulwe ende enkulu ofisi design zasekhaya. Ukuba yayibalulekile iingalo uhlanga phakathi eSoviet Union kunye eUnited States, lo moya zange wayenza imveliso mass, ihlala nemodeli zovavanyo. Ukusuka T-4 ishiywe ngenxa yeendleko ngokugqithiseleyo nezintsonkothe zobugcisa.

IMVELAPHI ukubonakala

Lo moya 'ukwaluka "(T-4) ibe yingxoxo yiSoviet nxamnye US abathwali moya yenyukliya. Ngo-1950 emva kwexesha kwacaca ukuba eSoviet Union ayinanto ukuchasa eUnited States kummandla Aviation yomkhosi wamanzi kunye qhinga. Intloko kakhulu ukuba Navy waqala lweenqanawa ezintywilayo zenyukliya, iziphathi-moya, nto leyo onke. Dibanisa ezi iinqanawa ilifa wokhuselo nezangaphakathi.

Ekuphela kwento ukuze hit US carrier moya - a enomjukujelwa superfast kunye warhead yenyukliya. Kodwa ukuze ngapha inqanawa khange kwenzeke ngenxa yokuba rhoqo eqhuba. Ukususela indibanisela yezi zizathu, inkokheli ye nomkhosi, weyiseka ukuba ixesha lokuthatha le projekthi ye-moya omtsha-high speed. Kwaye baba "ukwaluka" (T-4). Le kwafuneka iprojekthi ebizwa ngokuba "inqaku 100", ngenxa leyo got igama layo.

ukhuphiswano

abathwali Ukuna kufuneka afumane ubunzima andize iitoni ezili-100 kwaye ingande ngeekhilomitha ezili-3 000 isantya ingami ngeyure ngasinye. Ezineempawu ezifana (kunye nophahla-24 km) moya baba ayifumaneki ngenxa radar yaseMelika, yaye ngenxa yoko ke imijukujelwa anti-moya. Xa iKomiti YePhondo Aviation Technology wayefuna 'ukwaluka "(T-4) yaba anihlasele to-interceptor.

Kukhuphiswano kuyilo moya kutshata ababandakanyekayo ofisi design eziliqela. Zonke iingcali balindele ukuba T-4 kwi Tupolev, kunye nezinye i CB baya kuthatha inxaxheba kuphela ukubonakala olu khuphiswano. Nangona kunjalo, i Sukhoi Design Bureau for le projekthi sasivela nentshiseko engalindelekanga. Iqela ukusebenza yeengcali kusekwangoko kwakhokelela Oleg Samoylovich.

Le projekthi yi Sukhoi

Ngehlobo lowe-1961 kwaqhutywa ibhunga yenzululwazi. Injongo - ukujonga ofisi yoyilo, nto leyo ekugqibeleni ithatha up bomber T-4. "UkuThunga" ezandleni Sukhoi. project Tupolev woyiswa ngenxa yokuba lo moya olucetywayo yayinzima kakhulu ukuba imisebenzi yayo.

Wenza Alexander Yakovlev kunye ngumqondo wakhe "Yak-35". Ngethuba esenza intetho yakhe, wathetha nxamnye Andreya Nikolaevicha Tupoleva, ugxeka isigqibo sakhe ukwenza moya aluminium. Ekugqibeleni, kungekho kubo akazange aphumelele khuphiswano. IKomiti Machine State Dry uPawulos wabonakala efanelekileyo.

injini

Lo moya 'ukwaluka "(T-4) sikhethekileyo ngeendlela ezininzi. Okokuqala zonke iimpawu zakhe ume ngaphandle iinjini zakhe. Xa sijonga nkcukacha kumatshini, kwafuneka ukwenza kakuhle kwiimeko ezingaqhelekanga komoya rarefied, amaqondo obushushu aphezulu, uze usebenzise amafutha ezingaqhelekanga. Ntlandlolo kwacetywa ukuba bomber T-4 ( "ukwaluka") ziya kufumana injini ezintathu ezahlukeneyo, kodwa kwi ngomzuzu wokugqibela, loo abayili bagqiba ngomhla enye into - RD36-41. Phezu kwawo wasebenza Rybinsk Design Bureau.

Le modeli kakhulu njengezinye injini eSoviet - HP-7, olwaqalwa 1950. RD36-41 nee-afterburner, a ophephela kwisigaba-amabini kunye olubi ubushushu eqongeni-11 isiguquli. Konke oku ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwe-moya xa amaqondo obushushu aphezulu kakhulu. I-injini wenza phantse elishumi iminyaka. kamva Esi sixhobo eyodwa yaba sisiseko ezinye iimodeli, ezithe wadlala indima enkulu eSoviet Air Force. Bebexhotyiswa Tu-144, M-17 Scouts kunye iinqwelomoya Orbital "Spiral".

izikhali

Akukho kangako ngaphezu iinjini kuba ndiza kwezikhali yayo. Le bomber wavuka hypersonic X-33 ngexabiso. Okokuqala, ukuba sele ziphuhlisiwe kwi kwiziko design Sukhoi. Nangona kunjalo, ngexesha kuyilo rocket zaye zadluliselwa bureau Dubninskaya. Kwezikhali wafumana kakhulu mihla ngexesha iimpawu. izikhali ezimeleyo ukuthuthela ekujoliswe ngesantya izihlandlo 7 isantya nesandi. Iimvelaphi kummandla ochaphazelekayo, lo projectile ngokwayo ebalwa ophethe moya bamhlasela.

Terms of reference ziye yecuba. Eyona yakhe rocket wavuka radar kanye zolawulo iinkqubo zayo, eziquka oomatshini becomputing yedijithali. Ulawulo lweShell elintsonkothe ofanayo ukuntsonkotha kanye ukusebenza lo moya.

nezinye iimpawu

Yintoni enye into entsha unique T-4? "UkuThunga" - moya moya lixhotyiswe nezikhombisi ezintsha zala eziluncedo yamacebo olwandle. Xa kulahlwe Abasebenzi ba komabonakude, kwi-ibhodi radars ukuba ziyakusasaza idatha yazo. Lo mfanekiso ngenxa zifakwa phantse yonke umhlaba.

Eli qela kwakuba Umatiloshe-umqhubi kunye pilot. Abantu babekwa ndlwana, leyo yahlukana kwiindawo ezimbini yi isahlulelo ezinqamlezayo avuzayo. Endlwaneni Layout T-4 kwiinkalo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo. Kwakungekho isibane njengesiqhelo. Kulo supersonic ngokutsha cruise moya olwenziwe esebenzisa periscope, neefestile osecaleni eliphezulu. Abasebenzi basebenza iisuti isithuba kwimeko depressurization abazimeleyo.

izisombululo yokuqala

Intlekele "ummangaliso Russian" inkulu (T-4, "ukwaluka") kuxhomekeke kwinto yokuba le projekthi bebulewe, nakubeni oko kuqulethwe ngcamango kwamnandi kunye nenxa moya. Umzekelo, isisombululo onjalo ukusetyenziswa fuselage deflectable phambili. Iingcali ziyavuma ukuba indlela enjalo ngenxa yokuba izibane ethe-moya kunye ngesantya esiphezulu kweekhilomitha ezili-3 million ngeyure iba umthombo omkhulu yokunganyangeki.

Abasebenzi iziko yoyilo kwafuneka ukuba alwe nzima ingcamango zabo ngqindilili. Deflectable nxamnye isaphetha baba zomkhosi. Ukuze baqiniseke ukuba bekunokwenzeka kuphela Bulelani yinzondelelo omkhulu wendiza Vladimir Ilyushin.

Ukwakhiwa imishini ahlolwayo

Testing kunye nebandla kwisisu semoto, kwakunye nophuhliso loyilo amaxwebhu ethunywe Bureau ekhokelwa Igor ngenkathalo. moya Ukwenza kwenzeka elibekiweyo supercompressed, ngoko ke uphuhliso eziphambili kwenziwa ngqo kwi Sukhoi Design Bureau. Ngexesha umatshini iingcali uyilo kwafuneka ukusombulula iingxaki ezinxulumene inkqubo ujikeleziso isiphako-ithuba. uvavanyo eyongezelelweyo kwisisu semoto zaphuculwa lwaqhutywa phambi kokuba uqalise olu vavanyo.

Kwase yokuqala ngokuba "101". Inxalenye zisecaleni fuselage balo ibandla ngo-1969. Abayili bachitha crimping kwaye livavanya enoxinzelelo ekharejini ndaze isixhobo amagumbi. De kwiminyaka emibini olisebenzisileyo ukwakha iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo, kwakunye injini imigodi.

test

Kwabonakala kwase yokuqala T-4 ( "ukwaluka") entwasahlobo 1972. On iimvavanyo bagxotha kwikhebhini zakhe pilot Vladimir Ilyushin kunye esasihamba uNicholas Alferov. Qwalasela moya entsha rhoqo elinye ixesha ngenxa imililo zasehlotyeni. amahlathi evuthayo kunye amadobo afanayo yabangela zero ukubonakala esibhakabhakeni ngaphezu indiza. Ngoko ke, uvavanyo yaqala kuphela ekupheleni kuka-1972. I zesithunywa ezilithoba zokuqala lubonise ukuba moya uye ulawulo elungileyo, yaye umqhubi kwakungeyomfuneko ingqalelo kakhulu kakhulu iinkcukacha ezintsonkothileyo zobugcisa. Kalula ukumelana andize engile kunye nokuphakamisa-off kwenzeka kakuhle. Ubunzulu unikezelo kwakwanele elungileyo.

Kuba abayili, kwakubalulekile ukuba ukuvavanya ziya kudluliselwa njani mntu isandi umqobo. Lo matshini waphuka ezolileyo yakhe, apho kanye ukulungisa le fowuni. Ukongeza, ukusebenza inkathazo-free zabonisa ulawulo olutsha kude. Wabonakala kwaye minor iziphene: iintsilelo inkqubo ngamanzi, jamming iintanda ezincinane isisu semoto xa kwiitanki kuhlinzwa zepetroli, njl Sekunjalo, umatshini yonke ukuhlangabezana nazo zonke iimfuno ezibekelwe yona ...

bomber Supersonic T-4 ( "ukwaluka") senziwe ngomhla ecinga kuFeliks emkhosini. I Army wayalela oomatshini 250, nto leyo kulindeleke ukuba ukulungiselela isithuba seminyaka emihlanu-1975-1980. Yaba irekhodi itheko elikhulu libe iimoto imali eninzi kwaye mihla hlobo.

akunakuqinisekiswa elizayo

Pilot ibhetshi ukuba avavanywe, yakhiwa kwi Tushino Machine-Building Plant. Noko ke, amandla ayo akwanelanga ukuba avelise moya ngokorhwebo. Kuphela elinye ilizwe, inkampani le inokuba ukumelana umyalelo onjalo. Loo Kazan lweenqwelo izityalo, ngelo xesha lazaliswa isiseko ephambili kwimveliso ngenxa Tupolev yoyilo. Imbonakalo T-4 kwakuthetha ukuba inkampani ukulahlekelwa kwiziko. Tupolev kunye umxhasi wakhe uPetros Dementiev (Minister of Industry Aviation) wenze yonke ukuthintela ukuba kungenzeki.

Ngenxa yoko, elomileyo ngokoqobo bayacalulwa Kazan. Le ibhaxa oku ukuphehlelelwa a ukuguqulwa entsha ye-Tu-22. Emva koko, lo umyili wagqiba ukukhulula ubuncinane yinxalenye moya kuzo zonke Tushino efanayo. ixesha elide kwi-ofisi ephakamileyo babephikisana ngokuba oko likamva moya imodeli T-4 ( "ukwaluka"). Iphepha, esayinwe nguMphathiswa wezoKhuselo Andrei Grechko ngo-1974, Kwathi ukuba zonke iimvavanyo imodeli uvavanyo kufuneka imiswe. Esi sigqibo lwaphembelela piotr Dementyev. Wamcenga uMphathiswa wezoKhuselo ukuvala inkqubo ze uqale kwi-Tushino amaphiko yemveliso mveliso, eyenzelwe ukuba koomatshini mig-23.

Ukuphela yeprojekthi

September 15, 1975, wafa moya Pavel Sukhoi. T-4 ( "lazo") kwaba ngumqondo yakhe yonke ingqiqo ilizwi. De kube lusuku lokugqibela wakhe yeNtloko ubomi Bureau yaye andikhange wafumana impendulo ecacileyo evela kumagosa kwikamva le projekthi. Emva kokufa kwakhe, ngoJanuwari 1976, i-Ofisi yoMphathiswa of Industry Aviation wakhupha umyalelo ngokwendlela apho inkqubo 'inqaku 100 "ivalwe umphelo. Kwi enye uxwebhu piotr Dementyev wathi ekuyekeni kwi-T-4 kwenziwa ukuze kuqwalaselwe izibonelelo okusemandleni alo ukwenza imodeli i-Tu-160.

Isampulu yokulinga, esasisetyenziswa ngexesha uvavanyo moya, wathunyelwa Monino Museum kwi yokupaka obungunaphakade. Ngaphandle yokuba wayengomnye iiprojekthi ezininzi nenxa lweenqwelo Soviet, ixesha lubonise ukuba T-4 iindleko eziphezulu kakhulu (malunga ne-1.3 bhiliyoni engange).