Savannah: umhlaba, izityalo kunye nezilwanyana. Yiyiphi imihlaba ngabona Amathafa?

Savannah - indawo zendalo kunye ubukho yezityalo herbaceous kwimihlaba lateritic ebomvu. Le ndawo zendalo entsonkothileyo (PC) ezisasazwa phakathi amahlathi emvula kunye nezo entlango. Kwama-40% yendawo Afrika kuhlala babeziindleko ezinkulu Amathafa. Imihlaba akhiwa phantsi izityalo sayingqombela nde ngakumbi ubukho ukutya okuziinkozo, imithi kunye Kwiimeko ezingaqhelekanga yehlathi kwetyholo.

emvula ehlathini emathafeni

Savannah, ngaphandle Afrika, aqhelekile Australia kunye izwekazi Indiya. Kule hlobo zezikaYe- Campos PC Llanos kunye bavela Umzantsi Melika. kuthelekiswa amaninzi kunye ethafeni ihlathi-emathafeni kommandla enemozulu Eurasia. Kukho ukufana, kodwa kukho umahluko ngaphezulu. Ezona mpawu ziphambili okuluphawu Savannah:

• umhlaba enesiqulatho wamatye eliphantsi;
• izityalo herbaceous xeromorphic;
• imithi kunye namatyholo kunye nesithsaba umbellate;
• zezilwanyana etyebileyo neziindidi (ngokungafaniyo emathafeni, usekhona).

Campos - aseBrazil savanna ihewu - lisekwa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zoluntu zezityalo. Cerrados luphawulwa bubukho imithi esezantsi zokukhula amatyholo. Iifomu Limpos emathafeni ende. Llanos kumacala omabini i-Orinoco River e Umzantsi Melika zizele ingca ubukhulu kunye amaqela ngamnye imithi (imithi yesundu).

Amathafa Afrika. Umhlaba kunye sezulu

Ihlathi Tropical ithatha kwilizwekazi eshushu, malunga-40% yommandla.
E Northern saseNtla Amathafa semideserts ukufikelela kwi ekwizibanzi 16-18 °, ngokusondeleyo zithelekiswe Lake Chad kunye neswekile granulated. Umda izowuni ye-PC ukuya ezantsi Tropic of Capricorn. amathafa Savannah ahlale isithuba kwaye banyukele umphakamo enkulu ngaphakathi mathafa East Afrika.

Iindidi nakolu zemozulu - sub-ethandwa yimvula. Ngaba distinguishable ngokucacileyo unyaka wonke amaxesha amabini - emanzi neyomileyo. ixesha lemvula lifinyele xa uhambisa ukusuka ikhweyitha ukuya ekweleenjiko ukusuka kwiinyanga 7-9 ukuya ku 3-4. NgoJanuwari, xa lixesha umanzi kuMntla saseNtla, kwi eziyimiqwebedu Southern iqala. ukufuma Total ifikelela 800-1200 mm / ngonyaka. amafutha factor - ngaphantsi kwe-1 (kwezulu engonelanga). iinxalenye ezahlukeneyo bayahlupheka ukusuka ukusebenzisa amanzi ezinqabileyo (K _uvl ngezantsi 0,5-0,3).

Yintoni uhlobo lomhlaba kwi savanna senziwa elolo hlobo? Ngexesha lemvula, izondlo Sendizihlambile ngokuzimisela ngamanzi imimango asezantsi. Xa ixesha lonyaka elomileyo, kukho isenzeko esahlukileyo - isisombululo umhlaba liphuma.

uhlobo uhlaza kunye nemozulu

Emva kokufumana ukunyakama, yetropika ihlathi-emathafeni eAfrika ephila. shades Yellow-brown amadiza ezomileyo kufakwe yi nekarbhunkolo eluhlaza. Khulisa amagqabi phezu kwemithi namatyholo, leyo kwehla amagqabi nangamaxesha embalela, ingca angasolula ngokukhawuleza, maxa wambi afikelele 3 ubude. Umhlaba kunye nezityalo nezilwanyana zonke Amathafa iAfrika amiliswe phantsi kwempembelelo kwemozulu. Iimeko lobushushu nokufuma zixhomekeke kummandla wendawo indawo.

Futshane elunxwemeni ngexesha ehlathini lemvula ithatha malunga 9 iinyanga. Kukho abunjwe ubude-Amathafa; amaqela imithi namatyholo ezininzi ngakumbi. Kukho iMimosa kunye nemithi yesundu, leyo zenza ezintlanjeni amahlathi imilambo kwigalari. Iintlobo ezininzi umdla enezityalo savanna - Baobab. Umthi umboko kudla ufikelela 45 eemitha macala onke.

Njengoko umgama ukusuka ikhweyitha kwaye kufutshane ekweleenjiko ngexesha lemvula lifinyele, ukuphuhlisa Amathafa ekuso. Umda nge ukufuma indawo semi-intlango ufumana iinyanga ezi-3 ngonyaka. Izihluma, oluthi luqokelelane phantsi kweemeko owomileyo, ibhekisa kudidi entlango Amathafa. Kwi-50 ° C, eyahluke kancinane evela entlango. iintlanga North Afrika ekuthiwa ezi iindawo zendalo "Sahel", abantu baseMzantsi Afrika - "ehlathini".

Yiyiphi imihlaba ngabona Amathafa

lomhlaba Tropical ehlathini - umbala obomvu-mdaka, nto leyo enika ngayo i-compound yentsimbi. Ngokuba lo hlobo lubonakala enesiqulatho wamatye eliphantsi - ukusuka kwi 1.5 ukuya-3%. Inxalenye phakathi iprofayile iqulethe udongwe ezantsi buqapheleke illuvial-calcareous esifaneleyo lomhlaba. Ezona mpawu zikhankanywe ngasentla uphawu eMpuma Afrika, njengoko inxalenye esemntla kwilizwekazi Australian, yaye ezinye kwimimandla Umzantsi Melika.

Yintoni yomhlaba Amathafa kwakheka ixhomekeka kuhlobo humidification. Sikwithuba ngokwaneleyo elide wamatye owomileyo oluhlala ngenxa yokubola ngcembe yohlaza. Okunye zathu xa amathafa eyomileyo baseAfrika, kunye kumathafa Umzantsi Melika. Xa moistening rhoqo phezu isakhiwo ingqolowa ibunjiwe, okanye iqokobhe (uqweqwe okuqinileyo).

iintlobo zemihlaba

Ngaphakathi kummandla audio iwela ezahlukeneyo imvula yendalo zahluke ubude periods ezomileyo. iimpawu Terrain kunye neemeko zemozulu ushiye uphawu lwabo kuhlobo kwezityalo savanna. Imihlaba akhiwa intsebenziswano yazo zonke izinto ze zakhiwo zendalo. Umzekelo, isityalo uhlala emahlathini kufumile Andinaxesha ukubola, izondlo zihlanjiwe yi ezina kakhulu.

Xa kuthelekiswa imihlaba ehlathini ferrallitic ebomvu natyheli le ibhanti sentshinyela kwi amathafa yande wamatye ngakumbi. Ngenxa ixesha lokoma ye yokubola olucothayo zeentsalela zezityalo kunye nomgquba. uhlobo esiPhakathi - substrates ferralitic ebomvu amahlathi eziguquguqukayo-ifumile. Phantsi okuziinkozo amathafa ikakhulu ibekwe emihlabeni lateritic kwaye yingqombela brown. Phantsi kolu hlobo ndawo owomileyo zendalo abunjwe ngumhlaba abamnyama. Njengoko sisondela imimandla entlango, kodwa endaweni yi imihlaba bubomvu-mdaka. sinombala Bright okanye ngezitena-obomvu umbala uba emhlabeni ngenxa beqokelela ion yentsimbi.

Izilwanyana le Amathafa

Okumangalisayo zezilwanyana etyebileyo neziindidi yehlathi lemvula. Kukho abameli bawo onke amaqela nezilwanyana. Izigcawu, noonomadudwane, iinyoka, iindlovu, iimvubu, imikhombe, iihagu zasendle afumaneka ukutya Savannah, ukufuya ukusuka ekufudumaleni kwemini okanye imvula. Yonke ayafika izakhiwo yodongwe iikhowuni isiduli, enlivening kumgangatho Amathafa tyaba. Bahlala izigcawu zomhlaba nezikrekrethi ezincinane engceni rhoqo ukuva ingxolo - iinyoka oqongqothwane kunye nezinye izirhubuluzi. ezinkulu ezizingelayo - iingonyama, amahlosi - njengoko kulindelekile ezimela kwingca, ukuba bahlasele ixhoba ngokungalindelekanga.

Iinciniba zibe Qaphela: intamo ende kwaye ende intaka enkulu kwexesha ukubona ingozi kwaye ukufihla intloko yakhe. Uninzi abemi Amathafa abalekele kwiintshaba ibhabha. Bahambe imigama emide ayabulala izilwanyana ezitya utyani: neqwarha, namabhadi, antelopes, buffaloes. Neendlulamthi kamnandi liyidle amagqabi exhamle ubuncwane phezu kwemithi emide, yaye kunxweme namachibi iintshinyela ingca ukwala phezu mishini clunky.

Kwezolimo kwindawo Amathafa nemihlaba yeenkuni

iindawo ezinkulu emvula e-Australia kunye Umzantsi Melika zigcwele ngokuba imfuyo kunye zokulinywa komqhaphu, umbona, namandongomane. In Indian kwezolimo, Afrika naye wasebenzisa amathafa nemihlaba yeenkuni. Imihlaba kubomvu-mdaka xa Ukuphathwa ofumileyo otyebileyo kwaye efanelekileyo. inkcubeko asezantsi zezolimo kunye nokungabikho ukubangwa komhlaba kukhokelele kuphuhliso lweenkqubo ukhukhuliseko. zone Sahelian of Afrika nentsimi kohlaza mihla okubangwa yintlanganisela izinto zendalo kunye anthropogenic.

iingxaki zolondolozo lomhlaba Savannah

uhlobo Afrika utshintsho phantsi kwempembelelo yomntu: Amahlathi wagawulwa, oojingi Amathafa evulekileyo. Izityalo nezilwanyana zifumana ifuthe elibi yeemeko anthropogenic. Ukuncipha amanani ezidla namaxhoba awo usecicini labemi obeku-. Ukuhlukunyezwa cover kwezityalo ngexesha lokulima okanye Amathafa kwamahlathi kukhokelela ukuthotywa ngokukhawuleza emhlabeni. Livni kweso eliphezulu wakhawula umaleko ubuze ubunzima oxineneyo nodongwe kunye nentsimbi kusitsha. It zimanyaniswe phantsi kweempembelelo amaqondo obushushu aphezulu umoya. izenzakalo ezinjalo kwenzeka kwiindawo zezolimo makuqhutyekwe amadlelo. Imihlaba kubomvu-mdaka le Amathafa adinga ukhuseleko kunye nokubuyiselwa kwiindawo ezinkulu kumazwe asaphuhlayo zaseAfrika Latin America.