Uthintelo lwe-Ebola. Ebola: zimpawu, unyango

ubhubhane yayilelona kwinkulungwane yama-21 baqalisa nokulatyuza kwilizwekazi le-Afrika, Ebola. isifo esibulalayo ngonyaka nje omnye kwabulawa abantu abangaphezu kwama amawaka asixhenxe. Okwangoku, unyango ngenene kubonakele ukuba esi sifo ayikho. Njani Ebola zothintelo fever kulo lonke ihlabathi? Indlela ukuqaphela igciwane eliyingozi ukukhusela wena kunye nabo ubathandayo ukusuka ifuthe wakhe ovuthayo? Iimpendulo zale mibuzo kwaye siya kuzama ukufumana.

Yintoni yintsholongwane?

isifo Ebola yenye yezona eziyingozi kubomi babantu ngexesha lethu. yintsholongwane enamandla echaphazela abantu, iinkawu kunye nenani ezincancisayo ezincinane, kuba phantse ingenwe unyango. ukusebenza yayo ebulalayo ithunyelelwa zonke amalungu omzimba, ukuqala enyama yangaphakathi, isikhumba kunye nesiphelo kunye ngobuchopho bomntu. inkqubo esibulalayo iqala nesibakala sokuba igazi uba viscous ngakumbi, iqala ukuyilwa egazi ukuba wenza ucingo emithanjeni wonke umzimba. Iziphumo zako konke oku iiseli necrosis nokucazululwa kuka imizimba. Kwi ayangena eluswini, ngaphandle apho oluhluzeka igazi, izibilini ukubola, ukukhubazeka kwenzeka, kwaye okubi kwimeko yokufa.

Version lwegciwane kunye nenkcazo emfutshane

Igama elisemthethweni isifo - ukopha fever Ebola. Usulelo lwenzeka phantsi kweempembelelo zizifo ezinxulumene qela filoviruses. The main iimpawu uku- likhulu izinga lokusweleka eliphezulu, ukusasazwa isantya nobukhali izifo. Kukho impendulo noko elula lo mbuzo, wenza njani Ebola. Kwanaxa ubomi bomntu intsholongwane kukhokelela kukuba amalungu akhe afe aze aqalise ukubola.

isifo Ebola nohlulwe iintlobo ezintlanu eziphambili, nganye eneyazo iimpawu ezithile. Ngoko ke, wagqiba ekubeni bekela:

• Zaire uhlobo. Oko kwabhalwa okokuqala ngo-1976 kwisithili homonymous (Zaire umlambo Ebola), ngaloo ndlela imivuzo igama layo kwakunye igama wamnika ngokwayo nomkhuhlane. Olu hlobo lwesifo ithathwa ukuba engundoqo kwaye bumandundu khona. Loo ngxelo kuqinisekiswa ngokupheleleyo lo bhubhane, eyaqala ngo-2013.
• style eSudan. Ingaba akanangozi, Noko ke, ukufa namanje kwinqanaba eliphezulu kakhulu. Ixesha lokuqala sabhalwa eSudan. Igama sifo wafumana yi nokwakheka.
• Ivorian okanye Tai Forest uhlobo. Ukuqhambuka yezi ntlobo sele engabhaliswanga iyeza esemthethweni. Isifo wafunyanwa ngo-2004, nto wangenwa umphengululi kwelinye mbutho uqhuba isifundo izidumbu imfene. Olu hlobo ithathwa ukuba ibe lula.
• Bundibugyo, okanye Bundibugyo uhlobo. Esi sifo iye yabhalwa Uganda ngo-2007. Ukuqhambuka intsholongwane ibithande ezincinane, Noko ke, Nangoku ngaphandle ngxwelerha yayo.

Xa uhlobo eyahlukileyo ziyakwazi ukuchongeka uhlobo olunganeno restonsky-Ebola. Le fom yohlukile zonke ngasentla ukuba neze ayingozi ebantwini, oku kwenzeka iinkawu kuphela. Nakuba kunjalo, kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba uphando ekusasazweni kwesi sifo lwenziwa kuphela ngokunxulumene ephile ngokupheleleyo into eyindoda. Kulo mba, inzululwazi awunayo idatha echanekileyo, ukuphuhlisa indlela usulelo kunye namalungelo nezifo elibuthathaka.

Ummandla ivela igciwane lohlobo

Eyona mhlawumbi ukusasazeka Ebola e-Afrika. Kuzo zonke iimeko, ukuqhambuka kwesi zokuqala zaye kwaphawuleka kule lizwekazi. Eyona rhoqo, intsholongwane kwande kumazwe imi kufutshane-ikhweyitha. amatyala akhethekileyo awodwa fever sele kuthethiwe ngazo eziliqela ithi bakude Afrika (USA, Germany). Noko ke, loo nto ixela ukuba isifo lazo aba bantu bangaphandle. Ngelo xesha, esi sifo iqala kumazwe afana Congo, Sudan, ndiyaqonda, Guinea, Liberia, Sierra Leone.

Iindlela ukuze andise umkhuhlane

Njani na ukusasazeka intsholongwane ye-Ebola? Usulelo ikakhulu kwenzeka ngenxa ukunxibelelana netuwa (umchamo, endleni, amadlozi, umbilo) okanye negazi okanye nomonde izilwanyana (hayi kuphela uphilile, kodwa ufile). Usulelo kwakhona ezosulela ngokwabelana ngesondo ngokungakhuselekanga. Ukoyika izinto zasekhaya eziyimfuneko kunye eziqhelekileyo (umz, nelinen ukhuko), ukutofelwa igazi, awusebenzisi iisirinji ezilahlwayo. Kwiimeko ezinqabe kakhulu ekungcolisweni kunokwenzeka ngu amachaphaza (amalungu inhalation abosulelekileyo isikhohlela). Ebola e Afrika udla ezosulela ngexesha izithethe isiko umngcwabo, ngexesha apho izalamane wachukumisa isidumbu. Yenza izenzo ezinjalo ayikhuthazwa.

Ezi ndlela kakhulu izifo ukwanda abantu aphakamileyo. Ukumisela unobangela lokuqala isifo umhla akwenzeki. Ngokutsho kwenye iinguqulelo ezininzi ezithandwayo, ixesha lokuqala intsholongwane kubonakele ku flying fox ( "izinja eziphaphazelayo"). Kananjalo Kukholelwa ukuba iziphathi ezinkulu kuba iimpuku ezincinane ezihlala kufutshane umiwe ngabantu. Zosuleleke kwaye wadibana eluswini isilwanyana esifileyo. Mhlawumbi ezininzi lemikhuhlane baqalisa ngale ndlela (abazingeli lwenziwe izidumbu zezilwanyana).

Nesifo entsha sifo

Ukuqhambuka Ebola ngo-2014, yaba onamandla kunayo yonke mpawu ezaziwayo kweso sifo. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, yaza yabulala abantu abangaphezu kwama-7,000. Ngowe-1976, ihlabathi yokuqala ukufunda ngalo isenzeko njengoko Ebola. Unyango, uthintelo kunye nokhuselo amanyathelo ngelo xesha ayaziwa, ngoko phantse engama-40 eyadlulayo, abantu 280 intsholongwane ubulele (38 amatyala esiwahlanguleyo).

Ubhubhane entsha yokuqala abagulayo wabonakala ngoDisemba 2013 Guinea. Kamva, intsholongwane itshayelwe Nigeria, Liberia kunye namanye amazwe. Abasebenzi Medical abavela kwimibutho ngamazwe ezibonelela uncedo kwizigulane zasekuhlaleni, baba emngciphekweni omkhulu. Abaninzi kubo wagula yaye ekhaya kunyango. Le meko iye kwavusa panic ngokwenene ehlabathini lonke.

Njani, ke, namhlanje kukho kumzabalazo wokulwa esi sifo kuyingozi? Indlela ukunqanda ukusasazeka kwayo? Ebola, kwakunye naziphi na usuleleko etsolo lohlobo leyo lunokubulala, ufuna, imiqathango ecacileyo lombutho ngakwicala mandla zoluntu kunye nabasebenzi bezonyango. Ngoko ke, kuqala kwiinto zonke, kuliwa:

• Esibhedlela kwiibhokisi ezizodwa (imiqathango yokhuseleko singachasaniswa kunye nabo esebenza isibetho);
• Ukuphawula izinto zemihla ngemihla ka onesibetho kunye nonyango lwe kweentsholongwane zabo ngokusisigxina kunye nokugcinwa eyahlukileyo kunye intshabalalo kamva;
• Ukulahlwa amanqaku wadibana isigulane, ngenxa unyango kunye nesisombululo phenol, uze umlilo;
• Ukuqhela abantu iziphathi ezinokwenzeka zosulelo, kwimihlaba efanayo njengoko izigulane.

Iimpawu uphawu fever ezoyikekayo

Ziintoni iimpawu ze-Ebola? Iimpawu zesi sifo baxomoloza ezilula, nangona ekuqaleni icesina unako mazingabhidaniswa sifo zakudala ngokuphefumla (SARS) okanye angina. Ekuqaleni, izigulane uqaphele utshintsho zilandelayo kwi imeko yempilo:

• yintloko ebuhlungu;
• ubuthathaka jikelele izihlunu;
• intlungu emqaleni;
• lobushushu emzimbeni ephakamileyo (38 degrees okanye ngaphezulu);
• intlungu esitulweni.

Ekuhambeni kwexesha, emva kweentsuku 2-3, intsholongwane iqhubeka, kwaye umntu uqalisa soyise ukhohlokhohlo owomileyo, irhashalala (iindawo kuvela wonke umzimba umbala obomvu okanye purplish), ephawulwe kabi esifubeni.

Okwesibini, kwaye amaxesha amaninzi kwiveki yokugqibela sifo sizibonakalisa yimeko bumandundu. umonakalo Ubuchopho kwenzeka, izibilini sangaphandle, iintsini baqala wopha, isibindi, udakada, neentanda esikhumbeni. amalungu yangaphakathi baqale ukubola ngexesha ubomi umntu. Kwiimeko ezininzi sifo ziyabulala kwiintsuku 10-14 emva lokwaluka.

Impawu Ebola, apho oogqirha ukubona izifo

Ngokuba lo mntu avareji wanele ukwazi iimpawu zangaphandle Ebola. Iimpawu, nto leyo efunekayo ukuze ukuxilongwa abanezakhono ibonwe kuphela ngokwenza kuhlalutyo ezizodwa kunye neemvavanyo. ngumba jikelele ezithile kuthathwa ukuba ube:

• okuthatha elifutshane, uphuhliso olukhawulezayo sifo;
• ukopha yokudla;
• ukunxila Global emzimbeni;
• ukwanda iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi bala;
• ukuncitshiswa zegazi lwamajoni mpilo.

Kukho inala nemvavanyo zaselaborathri ekhethekileyo ukuchonga intsholongwane Ebola. Iimpawu ubhalo yangaphandle ingakuqhatha kwaye ibe sisiphumo izifo ezifanayo febrile, umz, isifo yeMarburg. Kaninzi moshilongo oluchanileyo vavanyo ukuchonga ezisegazini.

izibakala Little ezaziwayo

media mass Modern kwezinye iinkcukacha ikhanyisa izifo ezifana Ebola. Iimpawu, uthintelo kunye amanyathelo okhuseleko ezaziwa phantse bonke abantu abahlala yingozi. Ngelishwa, amanqaku amaninzi malunga zesifo ndingaziwa kuluntu jikelele. Ezi zibandakanya ezi nkcukacha zilandelayo:

• Le ntsholongwane ichaphazela bonke abantu ngaphandle kokukhetha, ke, abantwana babo ubunzima ngaphantsi kakhulu. Ukuba achaze le ndlela, izazinzulu abakwazi kunjalo;
• Ithuba elisuke kukuba kaninzi ulingana lekhefu 4 - iintsuku ezisi-7, kodwa kwezinye iimeko kunokuba ukuya kwiiveki 3;
• Abantu kuphila Ebola, abakhutshwa ngemini 21;
• Kukho iimeko xa umntu omnye akwazi ukuba igciwane lohlobo amaxesha ambalwa;
• Kukho abantu abaye anti-fever. Oku kuthetha ukuba bakwazi ukuthwala sifo ifomu wobulali kwaye abathwali usulelo.
• virus fever olupheleleyo yobudoda wachacha yamadoda iiveki 7;
• Le ntsholongwane Ebola xa ufundwa zizazinzulu kuphela isiqingatha molekyuli protein nangoku kuhlala imfihlelo eluntwini;
• Ebola kuba kubi kakhulu kunokuba AIDS, kuba itshabalalisa amajoni omzimba womntu kangangeminyaka eli-10, yaye ngenxa iiveki ezimbini;
• Le ntsholongwane exhathisayo kakhulu ukuba amaqondo obushushu aphezulu, abulawe egazini lo gama kugcinwe inani degrees 60 ubuncinane imizuzu eli-30;
• Le ntsholongwane bangamelana ngokulula nkqu abandayo ukrakra;
• Ukuswela folic acid kunye nokungondleki kwandisa umngcipheko kungcoliseko kunokwenzeka.

amanyathelo Basic azizithintelo ukukhusela

Ukuba uhlala emngciphekweni okanye adibane ngqo abemi, ukutyelela iindawo apho ayakwenza intsholongwane, kufuneka zilandele ngqo le migaqo ilandelayo. Ngenxa yoko, uthintelo Ebola fever liye lancitshiswa imisebenzi elula efana:

• indawo inzalo rhoqo, izinto zasekhaya nezixhobo;
• ukunxiba sets iimpahla zokuzikhusela, musa ukudibanisa abantu abosulelekileyo;
• ukupheliswa ngokupheleleyo ukuxhumana abathwali ntsholongwane.

Ukunqanda ukusasazeka kwesi sifo zisebenza ngokupheleleyo ziya kuba nako ukuchonga bohlukaniswe ngokupheleleyo abantu sifo kuphela. Ukuba awufuni ukuba uhlala kwindawo eyingozi, zama nokungoyiki, ukunqanda uhambo kunokwenzeka kweli lizwe, apho ubhubhane ehlokomayo, kwakunye nenkunkuma evela abafowunelwa kunye nabemi zala mazwe.

Abantu abasebenza kumazwe aseAfrika kufuneka akwazi ukubonisa indlela Ebola, yaye kwimeko lokudibana nabantu sifo, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukhuseleko lwabo ngokunxiba izinxibo ezikhethekileyo kunye iimaski. Oku kuya kunceda ukunciphisa ingozi yosulelo.

Nokwanda Ebola kwenzeka ngokuzenzekelayo, kwaye kwezinye iimeko, umntu nje akanawo ithuba lokwenza uqeqesho pre-ukuthunyelwa. Ngokuphawulekayo ukunciphisa ingozi yokuba nesifo kwaye kungenzeka amanyathelo ezifana:

• osisithintelo ukuqhagamshelana izilwanyana, ngubani basenokungosuleleki ezinokwenzeka zentsholongwane;
• ukubola ukuphelisa uphazamiseko kunye imizimba yezilwanyana;
• wahlamba kakuhle neendawo ngesepha ubuze beli umzimba, izandla ubuso emva yayihamba esitratweni okanye abafunda kumaziko karhulumente (ngakumbi nezibhedlele);
• ukutya imveliso yezilwanyana, ukuveza unyango lwabo kokuqala ubushushu.

Iindlela umkhuhlane okunyangayo

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kuthintelo Ebola fever umlinganiselo oyinyaniso kuphela nokhuselo kwesi sifo eyingozi. unyango olulodwa ezinjalo angekhoyo. Xa isakhiwa yaye sele ongenakuwelwa zonke iimvavanyo zonyango eziyimfuneko. iindlela zovavanyo ezisetyenziswayo namhlanje kumazwe aseYurophu kwaye eUnited States, kunjalo, nika recovery-100 ekhulwini lamatyala bona abakwazi. Ukongeza, kusekho akukho lokugonya sele ziphuhlisiwe kunye nomkhuhlane.

Yintoni kule mihla iphathwa yiEbola? Iimpawu zesi sifo ngokuyimfuneko kufuneka iqwalaselwe. Ekubeni kungekho unyango oluthile, kubalulekile ukuba kugxininiswe le meko. isigulane Human kubalulekile labagula kakhulu, ukufunyanwa yokulahlekelwa igazi neencindi (amalungiselelo electrolyte). isifo esibulalayo luqinisekiswa kakhulu isakhiwo kumzimba ngamnye. Bakholelwa ukuba umntu lowo ukunyamezeleyo Ebola ukufumana okukwazi namandla ubomi, amatyala Noko ke, nakuba naziwe kwakhona losuleleko-.

Fever Prophylaxis Ebola - ndlela kuphela ukunqanda isifo esibulalayo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku. Umntu ngamnye kufuneka bacinge amanyathelo ukhuseleko lobuqu bona kunye nabo babathandayo. Khumbula ukuba izifo eziyingozi uninzi amatyala ziyabulala, likhula ngokukhawuleza kakhulu kwaye lubonakala kakhulu. Yintoni enye ekufuneka uyazi malunga izifo ezinobungozi ezifana ezifana Ebola. Iimpawu, kuthintelo nonyango iindlela, konke oku, Kakade ke, kubaluleke kakhulu, kunjalo, umlinganiselo engundoqo yokhuseleko kuba abemi phantsi yedwa.