Zempilo, Diseases and nemibandela
Ukophulwa thermoregulation umzimba, izizathu kunye neempawu
Ngamnye wethu uyazazi ubukho into efana lobushushu emzimbeni. Xa abadala abasempilweni, ukusebenza kwayo kufuneka zibe kuluhlu 36-37 ° C. Imidlalo kuyo naliphi icala ukubonisa iziganeko zezifo nawuphi na umyalezo okanye olwaphula thermoregulation yento ephilayo. Le meko sisifo, njengokuba hlobo, akunjalo, ke, wakwazi ukubangela destabilization amalungu kunye neenkqubo, nokuba ebulalayo. ukukwazi Thermoregulation ukuba zonke izilwanyana ezanyisayo ezinegazi elishushu, kuquka abantu. Lo msebenzi kukuza kanye nokuqalisa ngexesha zazivelela. Luphinde iinkqubo ukutya, yona ikuvumela ukuba ziziqhelanise nemiqathango zehlabathi ngaphandle, ngaloo ndlela bebanceda ukuba izinto eziphilayo ukulwa yobukho yayo. umntu ngamnye, kungakhathaliseki uhlobo, ubume, okanye ubudala, njalo ubethwa kokusingqongileyo, kwaye emzimbeni wayo gqolo ukwenzeka inqwaba ngayo ezahlukeneyo. Zonke ezi nkqubo bandiqumbisayo ukuhla e lobushushu emzimbeni, nto leyo, kodwa thermoregulation, yokuzilawula, kuya kukhokelela ekutshatyalalisweni amalungu ngamnye kunye umzimba uphela. Ngokusisiseko, yintoni eyenzekayo xa kukho kukwaphula thermoregulation. Ubangelwa esi sifo ihluke ukusuka engenamsebenzi kakhulu emzimbeni CNS ukuphazamiseka, lengqula okanye yobuchopho. Ukuba abagulela loo kwinkqubo yezigulo thermoregulation alwa kakubi kunye nemisebenzi yayo ukulungisa le meko, kuyimfuneko ukuba ukunyanga esi sifo ngxabano. Ukuba thermoregulation yaphulwe emntwini sempilweni, kwaye isizathu ukuba iimeko zangaphandle ezifana sezulu, kufuneka ukwazi ukunika oku ixhoba zoncedo lokuqala. Lidla kuchaphazela impilo yabo elizayo kunye nobomi. Eli nqaku linika ulwazi malunga nokulawulwa lobushushu emzimbeni, apho iimpawu zibonisa ukwahluleka thermoregulation, yaye naliphi na inyathelo kulo mzekelo, kufuneka ukuba uthathe.
Iimpawu lobushushu emzimbeni
Ukuhlukunyezwa thermoregulation imbande kunye lobushushu emzimbeni. Amaninzi, oko kulinganiswa ekhwapheni, apho ngokuqhelekileyo izakuthatwa njengokuba ngu 36,6 ° C. Eli xabiso kubonisa ubushushu emzimbeni kwaye kufuneka rhoqo eziphilayo.
Ukophulwa thermoregulation yento ephilayo uphawu ngokwandisa okanye ukunciphisa amaxabiso iqondo lobushushu emzimbeni. Kukho iindidi ngokucacileyo imilinganiselo yayo ephezulu nesezantsi, ngaphaya apho awukwazi ukuya, kuba kwayo ziindlela zokufa. Xa umntu othile ebomini loo mntu kusinda ukuba ubushushu bomzimba waso ithotywe-25 ° C okanye ivuke ku-42 ° C, nangona kukho iimeko ukusinda phantsi amaxabiso ngokugqithiseleyo ngakumbi.
Ingcamango thermoregulation
Ngokuqhelekileyo, umzimba womntu angamelwa ngokohlobo a engundoqo kunye lobushushu rhoqo, kunye iqokobhe, apho itshintsha. Iinkqubo kernel kwenzeka ngenxa apho ubushushu uyakhululwa. Ngokusebenzisa iqokobhe phakathi yemeko ezisingqongileyo kwaye engundoqo kobushushu. Umthombo ubushushu ukutya ukuba kudla yonke imihla. Xa phambili ukutya, igcwala kwamafutha, iiprotheni, hydrocarbon, ngamanye amazwi, ngayo ukutya. Ngethuba lekhosi yabo, uMbumbi imveliso nobushushu. Eli thermoregulation kukugcina ukulingana phakathi kobushushu kwaye ukuyilwa ubushushu. Ngamanye amazwi, ukuba iqondo lobushushu emzimbeni laba phakathi uluhlu eziqhelekileyo, iqokobhe kufuneka anikwe ubushushu medium gama njengoko senziwa core. Ukophulwa thermoregulation umzimba kwenzeka xa kukho bahlule iindleko ubushushu, okanye ngokuchasene noko, loo nto yenza ukuba okuninzi kunoko kwiqokobhe nako ukuzisa kokusingqongileyo.
Oku kubangelwa:
- iimeko zokusingqongileyo (kushushu kakhulu okanye kubanda kakhulu);
- landa fiznagruzok;
- hayi impahla yezulu efanelekileyo;
- ngokuthatha amayeza athile;
- eyanele kotywala ngendlela engeyiyo;
- ubukho bezifo (DYSTONIA, ithumba ebuchotsheni, iswekile insipidus, syndromes ezahlukeneyo ukungasebenzi le ngxenye, ubunzima thyrotoxic kunye nabanye).
Thermoregulation ngeendlela ezimbini:
1. Chemical.
2. Physical.
Makhe sihlolisise ngokweenkcukacha.
Indlela khemikhali
Oku kusekelwe ubudlelwane phakathi kwesixa-mali ubushushu eyenziwe emzimbeni kunye nezinga basabele exothermic. uhlobo Chemical iquka iindlela ezimbini yokugcina obushushu oyifunayo - contractile kunye thermogenesis non-kukungcangcazela.
Contractile uqala ukusebenza xa kuyimfuneko kukwandisa iqondo lobushushu emzimbeni, umzekelo sesichengeni yengqele. Siyakuqaphela ngokuvusa leenwele emzimbeni okanye ngokusebenzisa 'amaqhuma irhanisi ", leyo micro-lokungcangcazela. Banakho ukwandisa imveliso ubushushu kwi-40%. Xa yeqabaka kakhulu ngakumbi siqala ukungcangcazela. Kwanaloo nto nendlela thermoregulation apho isizukulwana ubushushu yandiswa amaxesha malunga 2.5. Ngaphandle iimpendulo reflex ngokuzenzekelayo ebandayo, abantu abafikayo, uya kusivusa iqondo lobushushu emzimbeni wakho. Ukophulwa thermoregulation kulo mzekelo kwenzeka xa engenisa kubanda lide kakhulu, okanye ubushushu iphantsi kakhulu, nto leyo kokuba uqalile okanye ipoti ye-exchange ongaphumeleliyo ukuveza ngenani elithandekayo ekufudumaleni ngayo. Xa iyeza, imeko ekuthiwa emzimbeni.
Thermogenesis ukuba ndandingcangcazela, ukuba ubanjwe ngaphandle inxaxheba izihlunu. Lokugaya ke zithe okanye olukhawulezisiweyo phantsi kweempembelelo ngamalungiselelo ezithile zonyango, ukuba kunyuke imveliso hormone esinobubovu lengqula kunye Medulla adrenal, umsebenzi nangakumbi kwenkqubo novelwano luvo. Oonobangela thermoregulation yabantu kulo mzekelo bubuxoki zifo zikhankanywe apha ngasentla amalungu lengqula ndlala, inkqubo luvo, waphula umsebenzi adrenal. Ulwazi malunga notshintsho kwamaqondo obushushu usoloko efuna i CNS. iziko Ubushushu ibekwe kwindawo elincinane zobuchopho esiphakathi, le ngxenye. It ayinabantu kummandla ngaphambili onoxanduva utshintsho ubushushu, kunye nangasemva, unoxanduva lokuyila ubushushu. CNS ngezifo okanye nokuphazamiseka le ngxenye iyangqubana umsebenzi evumelanayo kule mimandla, nto leyo echaphazela kakubi thermoregulation.
Ngobunzulu ubushushu, yaye ukongezelela, ezinye umsebenzi nemithambo iphenjelelwa hormone T3 kunye T4 ndlala. Zikarhulumente eziqhelekileyo ukuze wonge ubushushu, iimpahla constrict, nokunciphisa kuyo, ukwandisa. izazinzulu California lubonise ukuba iihomoni nga "kuphazamise" izitya, ebangela ukuba uyasilela ukuphendula kwimali ubushushu eyenziwe kunye nemfuneko umzimba wayo. Xa yezonyango, sivame besaphula thermoregulation kubaguli kwafunyanwa ithumba ebuchotsheni okanye thyrotoxic ntlekele.
Indlela ngokomzimba
Uye umsebenzi ubushushu ilahleko kokusingqongileyo, oluqhutywa ngeendlela ezininzi:
1. imisebe. Kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuba onke amaqumrhu kunye izifundo, lobushushu apho mkhulu kuno-zero. Imisebe amaza kuluhlu infrared. Kubushushu-20 ° C ne-60% ukufuma, omdala ulahlekelwa-50% ubushushu bayo.
2. Uhanjiso, oko kuthetha ilahleko ubushushu kwi ezibandayo neenjongo kwebala. Kuxhomekeke kummandla imiphezulu ngokuqhagamshelana kunye nexesha contact.
3. පිළිතුරු iimpendulo Ukupholisa umzimba kuthetha ukuba amasuntswana medium (umoya, amanzi). amasuntswana ezilolu hlobo zinxulumene umzimba uthathe ubushushu, nangokuvutha kunyuka, enika indawo ukuya amasuntswana ezintsha esibandayo.
4. ngumphunga. Oku zonke abazaziyo umbilo, kwakunye komphunga ukufuma evela uxakaxa ngexesha uphefumla.
Kwimeko ekungakwazini ukusebenzisa le ndlela kukho kukwaphula thermoregulation komzimba. Izizathu zoku inokuba nomahluko. Ngenxa yoko, පිළිතුරු iimpendulo kunye nelahleko Uhanjiso kufuneka licuthwe ku nothi, okanye ukuba umntu zigutyungelwe engutyeni ngaphandle tangency ngomoya okanye nayiphi na enye into, kwaye ngumphunga akwenzeki kwi-100% nokufuma. Kwelinye icala, ukuba kusebenze ubushushu enkulu kukhokelela ekubeni kuphazamisa thermoregulation. Umzekelo, පිළිතුරු iimpendulo kuqinisa ngumoya nokwandisa ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngamanzi abandayo. Esi sesinye sezizathu zokuba abantu ukuba ndiyakwazi ukuqubha kakuhle, nifele umkhumbi.
Thermoregulation ebantwini abadala
sibheke ngasentla, yintoni na thermoregulation komzimba womntu noonobangela zokuphula, kodwa kuthathelwa ingqalelo iimpawu ubudala akhawunti. Noko ke, amandla abantu ukuba ubushushu bomzimba ukulawula ngexesha ukutshintshwa ubomi.
abantu abadala aphulwe ezisebenza le ngxenye, enza uvavanyo lobushushu voice. Abayi va ngqo ukuma abandayo emkhenkceni floor, nayo ngoko nangoko ukuphendula amanzi ashushu, umz, xa ishawa. Ngoko ke, kulula ukuba ona ngokwabo (supercooled, yothula). Kuye kwafunyaniswa ukuba abantu abadala musa nokuba okhalaza ngakuthile yengqele, imo embi, kubonakala ukunganeliseki nasihlahla, yaye xa uyila kubo imozulu obutofotofo zonke ezi "mpawu" ezinobungozi uhlobo ukuhla saka okanye shwaka.
Ngelo xesha, abantu abaninzi abadala abantu ukukhenkcisa nkqu umoya ngokwanelisayo bekhululekile. Ngamaxesha amaninzi ukubonwa ngosuku yehlobo efudumeleyo enxibe ebusika. utshintsho Ezo thermoregulation kubangelwa ukuya kwizigulo yegazi kunye nokuncipha kumanqanaba mpilo.
abantu abadala nje kuphela kubanda, kodwa ubushushu usabela thile eyahlukileyo. Kwiqondo lobushushu eliphezulu ambient, ebila ukuba baqalise kamva kunye nokusebenza nemigangatho ukubuyiselwa ubushushu umzimba kancinci. Ngamanye amagama, iimpawu emzimbeni okanye nobushushu, baqala ukuvela kamva ngakumbi abaselula, kunye nokufunyanwa yomzimba kunzima kakhulu.
Ukophulwa thermoregulation kwi umntwana
Kuba umzimba womntwana iphawulwa kwezinye iinkalo kwenkqubo thermoregulation. Xa kubelekwa oko abangafezekanga kakhulu. Iintsana bazalwa lobushushu emzimbeni kuluhlu 37,7 ° C - 38,2 ° C. Emva kweeyure eziliqela kuwela malunga 2 ° C, yaye ke kwakhona ifikelela 37 ° C, loo nto kufuneka kubangela inkxalabo. amazinga aphezulu ukuze kubona ngantoni xa kuqalisa nasiphi na isifo. Ukungafezeki yomsebenzi inkqubo thermoregulation kwiintsana kufuneka mababuyekezwe ekudalweni kwakhe kuba iimeko zemozulu. Ngenxa yoko, ngenyanga ukuya ku-1 abantwana kufuneka ukugcina ubushushu emoyeni 32 ° C - 35 ° C, ukuba usana esingathenwanga, ne-23 ° C - 26 ° C, ukuba zapelenut. Shukumisa thermoregulation kufuneka uqale elula - ukuba anxibe umnqwazi entloko. Xa abantwana abadala ngaphezu kwenyanga 1, imigangatho ubushushu uncipha malunga 2 ° C.
Abantwana abazalelwe ngaphambi neengxaki ezininzi kakhulu kunye nabalawuli, ngoko kwiintsuku zokuqala, iiveki yaye ngamanye amaxesha ziqulathe nabo kwisisele ekhethekileyo. Bonke zazo kunye nabo, kuquka nomtya, ukucoca zezondlo wayisa ngo cuvettes.
It omeleza ulawulo ubushushu bomzimba iminyaka-8 kuphela ubudala.
Ukophulwa thermoregulation kwi usana kunokwenzeka ngenxa yezi zizathu zilandelayo:
- xi ukusebenza ngomhla yobuchopho (hypoxia ezingekazalwa, hypoxia generic, umothuko intracranial ngexesha lokuzalwa komntwana);
- bekhubazekile CNS emoyeni;
- emzimbeni;
- nobushushu (ukurhangqa esigqithisileyo);
- amachiza (beta-blocker);
- Utshintsho lwemozulu (okwenzekayo xa uhamba kunye nabazali iintsana).
Kwiintsana obushushu kulinganiswa ekhwapheni ithathwa abaqhelekileyo kwi ezahlukeneyo ukususela 36,4 ° C ku-37,5 ° C. amaxabiso asezantsi zinokubonisa ukungondleki, insufficiency nemithambo. amaxabiso aphezulu kubhale ibakho komtshiso oko emzimbeni.
Iimpawu emzimbeni thermoregulation
Kuxhomekeka unobangela ukungasebenzi kakuhle kolawulo ubushushu bomzimba, kukho iimpawu ezahlukeneyo ukugxojwa thermoregulation komzimba. Iimpawu supercooling okanye emzimbeni kuqala ukubonakalisa ekunciphiseni lobushushu emzimbeni lingaphantsi kwe-35 ° C. Loo umbuso kwenzeke ngexesha sesichengeni elide ukuya kubanda okanye emanzini. Kuba abantu avareji lobushushu yamanzi uluhlu 26-28 ° C kucingwa elamkelekileyo, ngamanye amazwi, kunokuba elide ngokwaneleyo. Ngokunciphisa ixesha ezi mpawu, anokuba kwi zolwelo medium ngaphandle umonakalo kwimpilo, kunciphisa kakhulu. Ngokomzekelo, xa t = 18 ° C awudluli kwimizuzu engama-30.
Emzimbeni, kuxhomekeke kubunzima uhuhamba, iquka amanyathelo amathathu:
- ukukhanya (ubushushu bomzimba ukusuka 35 ° C ukuya ku-34 ° C);
- ukuthini (t = 34 ° C ne-30 ° C);
- kakhulu (t = 30 ° C 25 ° C).
Iimpawu ifomu mnene:
- bump washington;
- cyanosis;
- umzimba nokungcangcazela;
- uphelelwa ngumphefumlo;
- maxa wambi kukho ukwanda amaxabiso uxinzelelo lwegazi.
Iphula olunye lweenkqubo thermoregulation okuqhubeka ngayo.
Iimpawu isisulu esinjalo:
- wegazi;
- bradycardia;
- uphelelwa ngumphefumlo;
- constriction abafundi;
- kumiwe ndandingcangcazela emzimbeni;
- Ukunyamalala uvakalelo buhlungu;
- inhibition of ingqondo;
- ukulahlekelwa lokuqonda;
- isiqaqa.
Treatment of emzimbeni
Ukuba, ngenxa supercooling ukungathobeli kwenzeka thermoregulation umzimba, unyango kufuneka lujoliswe ekwandiseni iqondo lobushushu emzimbeni. Xa emzimbeni wobulali landela la manyathelo:
- yiya kwindawo efudumeleyo;
- usele neti eshushu;
- tipakani imilenze ubeke phezu iikawusi eshushu;
- thatha emanzini ashushu.
Ukuba ungenza ngokukhawuleza ukufumana ibe bubushushu, kuyimfuneko ukuqala iintshukumo esebenzayo - kuxhuma, bezihlikihla ngezandla (hayi ikhephu), umqhaphu, nayiphi na umthambo.
uncedo lokuqala ukwaphulwa lesibini thermoregulation, isidanga ingakumbi wesithathu kufuneka zinikwe abantu ezikufutshane njengoko ixhoba akusayi ukuzinakekela. I algorithm:
- ukuhambisa umntu ifudumale;
- uyakhawuleza iingubo zakhe;
- olova ni tipakani umzimba;
- ukusonga ngengubo, nelaphu engcono ayikho nomoya;
- ukuba musani kuba navuso yokuginya reflex, asele ulwelo efudumeleyo (yeti, umhluzi, amanzi, hayi utywala!).
Ukuba kunokwenzeka, kufuneka ubize inqwelo yezigulana uze uzise isigulane esibhedlele, apho unyango luza kwenziwa ukusetyenziswa relaxants izihlunu, analgesics, antihistamines kunye neziyobisi anti-ukudumba, iivithamini. Kwezinye iimeko, wenziwe bazamile, ngamanye amaxesha kuyimfuneko ukuba nquma imilenze zaqina.
Ebantwaneni, kukuvela emzimbeni lwenzeka amaninzi. Xa supercooling bafanele ukurhangqa efudumeleyo, nika esifubeni okanye ubisi efudumeleyo. unendlela ebalaseleyo ekuhlumiseni thermoregulation lukhuni, abazali kufuneka ukubamba usana kwiinyanga zokuqala zobomi. Kwizigaba zokuqala ngayo umoya, neebhate kunye nomoya omtsha. Kamva wongezelela imilenze belaphu osula manzi, ukuhlamba ngamanzi abandayo, ukudada ukwehla kancinane kwamaqondo amanzi, ehamba engenazo neembadada.
komzimba
Ukwanda kwamaqondo obushushu emzimbeni, okanye nokushisa phantse lonk kukwaphula thermoregulation komzimba. Kusenokwenzeka kuba ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
- Izifo ezininzi (trauma, usuleleko, nangokurhala, DYSTONIA);
- ukuvuleleka elide ukuya ilanga;
- impahla, kuthintela umbilo;
- uxinzelelo;
- bandisa umsebenzi ngokomzimba;
- ukudla.
Ukuba isigulana uneempawu ndandingenampilo (ukukhohlela, ukuphazamiseka emathunjini, izikhalazo uqaqanjelwa amalungu, njalo-njalo), kufuneka ihlangane uthotho lweemvavanyo yoxilongo ukufumanisa unobangela lobushushu liphuma:
- test igazi;
- Uhlalutyo umchamo;
- X-reyi;
- ECG;
- ultrasound.
Ekubeni uphethwe, unyango lwenziwa kutyhilwa isifo ukufana ulibuyele ubushushu bomzimba kumaxabiso yesiqhelo.
Ukuba ngenxa nobushushu yenzekile thermoregulation ukuphazamiseka, unyango kukudala iimeko ukuze kubuyiselwe umsebenzi kweenkqubo zomzimba abachaphazelekayo. Xa iimpawu sunstroke ezifana:
- umkhuhlane;
- intloko ebuhlungu;
- isicaphucaphu;
- umkhuhlane;
- landa ebila;
- ngamanye amaxesha unditsho, ilahleko osezingqondweni, kunye nokopha.
Ixhoba kufuneka ibekwe kwindawo epholileyo (ukuzichamela kukhethwa ze aphakamise imilenze), kunye:
- phezu komcu kangangoko kunokwenzeka;
- ezisula umzimba ngelaphu elifumileyo;
- kwambatha ebunzi ebandayo;
- usele amanzi abandayo ngetyuwa.
Ubushushu ezikuyo ke iintlobo ezintathu ngamandla:
- ukukhanya (ubushushu bomzimba landa kancinci);
- ukuthini (t = 39 ° C ukuya ku-40 ° C);
- kakhulu (t = 41 ° C 42 ° C).
ifomu Easy kubonakala intloko ebuhlungu, ubuthathaka, ukudinwa, ukuphefumla ekhawulezileyo, tachycardia. Njengoko unyango kungathatha imvula ebandayo uze usele amanzi bezimbiwa.
Ukophulwa thermoregulation omzimba womntu phakathi yefomu eboniswe ezinjalo mpawu:
- yobuthathaka;
- isicaphucaphu ku ukugabha;
- intloko ebuhlungu;
- tachycardia;
- ngamanye amaxesha ukulahlekelwa lokuqonda.
Iimpawu Inzima
- isiphithiphithi ;
- yombono;
- ukubetha thready rhoqo;
- ukuphefumla rhoqo, nzulu;
- intliziyo epholileyo lemvula;
- isikhumba eshushu neyomileyo;
- anuria;
- iimfeketho zokufeketha kunye nemibono;
- utshintsho kumafa egazini (ukuncitshiswa kloride, ukwanda urea kunye nitrogen intsalela).
E eliphakathi kwaye kakhulu iintlobo nothomalaliso kakhulu, kuquka inaliti "Promethazine" okanye "Diazepam" ezibonisa analgesics esiwusebenzisayo, neuroleptics, glycosides inhliziyo. Phambi kokuba ifike le ambulensi ixhoba kufuneka esingathenwanga, nokuzisula ngamanzi abandayo, wabeka womkhenkce nasemiphakathweni, kwamakhwapha, ebunzi kunye nentamo.
wokwehla disorder thermoregulation
Le leengxaki uyaqapheleka kwekhono hypothalamic, kwaye ibonakale njengoba iHypo nokushisa.
izizathu:
- zokugula naso;
- ukudumba;
- usulelo intracranial;
- imiphumela radiation;
- ngokudla;
- anorexia;
- ukungondleki;
- i ngokugqithiseleyo yentsimbi.
zimpawu:
- izigulane ngokulinganayo zigcinwe ngokusileleyo, ukubanda nobushushu;
- yesiqephu abandayo rhoqo;
- emini ubushushu lihlala njalo;
- esezantsi-grade fever angaphenduli nemithi, glucocorticoids;
- yandisa lobushushu kumaxabiso yesiqhelo emva ngokulala emva kokufumana nadlamkisayo;
- nokunyuka lobushushu ngokunxulumene uxinezeleko yengqondo-emoyeni;
- ezinye iimpawu kwekhono hypothalamic.
Unyango lwenziwa ngokuxhomekeke ngoonobangela iingxaki kunye ngxenye. Kwezinye iimeko kwanele ukwabela isigulane lokudla ekunene, abanye ifuna unyango ihomoni, kwaye eyesithathu - uqhaqho.
perfrigeration syndrome kubonisa nokuhluthwa thermoregulation. Abo le syndrome yingqele rhoqo, nkqu ehlotyeni. Iqondo kulo mzekelo rhoqo eqhelekileyo okanye eziphakamileyo kancinane, libya-grade fever ihlala ixesha elide yaye obungabangeli mdla. Abantu abanjalo ukuze ukukhululwa ngesiquphe yengcinezelo, ukubetha ophilisayo, kukho iingxaki zemiphunga kwaye ukubila ngokugqithiseleyo, umnqweno nothuke nenkuthazo. Uphando lubonisa ukuba unobangela perfrigeration syndrome ukuphazamiseka kule nkqubo yawo luvo.
Similar articles
Trending Now