Yabemi Lithuania: ubungakanani kunye nokwakheka

Baltic for eminyaka iye kwintsimi apho sixabana imfazwe. Ayimangalisi into yokuba kuphela kule minyaka 500 edlulileyo, iye amaxesha amaninzi udlule isandla ngesandla, yaye ithi besivalelwe apha, ebesoloko wahlala nditsho izizwe ngezizwe.

Lithuania kungekho ngaphandle. Kakade ke, abemi Lithuania phantse lonke becala zimelwe yi uhlanga titular, kodwa ezinye iintlanga bahlala khona ngokusisigxina. Namhlanje le meko efanayo. Kweli nqaku uza kufumana ulwazi ukutshintsha indlela ubunjani kunye nobungakanani labemi kwi indawo yalowo State.

Ukususela kumaxesha amandulo ...

Ukubalwa lokuqala kulo mmandla wazama ukubamba emva ngenkulungwane ye-13, kodwa ke phezu phantse nantoni na, njengoko le datha eqokelelweyo uqikelelo eninzi kunene. ubalo inkampani eqhelekileyo kuphela lwaqhutywa ngo-1790, iziphumo eyabonakala ukuba kummandla Lithuania namhlanje-kwakukho malunga 3.6 yezigidi zabantu. Ukususela 1812 ukuya 1945 yabemi Lithuania lehle nge-30%.

Ukuqala kwenkulungwane ye-19

olunye uvavanyo bakhona kuqhutywa ngo-1897. Ngokusekelwe kwiziphumo kwenzeka ngelo xesha wayehlala Lithuania malunga 1.924.400 ngabantu. Ngaloo maxesha japan onjalo yayintle kakhulu.

Isimanga, kodwa ke ngelo xesha e Lithuania Lithuanians ngokwabo akwanelanga. ubunzima wabo ngoko 61,6% kuphela. Ngaphezu koko, apho kwakuhlala ubuncinane 13% amaYuda imiqobo 9%, malunga-5% Russian, kwaye inani efanayo baseJamani kunye Belarusians. inani Letts lingaphantsi kwe elinesihlanu ekhulwini, kunye Tatar yaye singadluli inqanaba 0.2%.

Ngakumbi umdla kukuba kwimizi ngemizi inani Lithuanians zingafanelekanga esezantsi ngokwalo ipesenti. Ngenxa yoko, e Vilnius wahlala hayi ngaphezulu kwe-41% amaYuda, ubuncinane 30% of nezibonda zaso, kwaye umyinge Byelorussians Russian yaye malunga ne-24%. Ngokwabo Lithuanians ayehlala esixekweni akukho ngaphezu kwe-2% yabo xa bebonke.

E Kovno, imeko malunga efanayo: amaYuda kwakukho malunga nama-35%, inani Russian, Belarusians nezibonda elingana-36% of Lithuanians yaba 6.6%. Bonke abanye - amaJamani. Hi ndlela leyi, e Klaipeda, phantse bonke abantu ababehlala waseJamani. Oku kungenxa yokuba le nxalenye ye East Prussia yaba yinxalenye ye Lithuania kuphela ngenkulungwane ye-18 emva kwexesha. Kuphela kwiphondo Suwalki inani labemi Lithuanian zafikelela 72%.

Iinowuthsi ethnogenesis

Siza kukhawuleza ukuqaphela ukuba ngelo xesha inkqubo ethnogenesis nangoku bahamba kunye negalelo elikhulu: ukongeza million 1.21 Lithuanians ngokwawo, wayehlala yoBukhosi baseRashiya yaye 448.000 zhmudinov. Ngaphandle kwabo, uluntu lwemveli ka Lithuania-44% kuphela. Oku asifani iingxelo data populist kwezinye abezopolitiko malunga kwiBaltic "ukongama wempangelo lwamanani abemi Lithuanian."

Le ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20

Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yamashumi amabini, le meko kunye nezizwe "bomthonyama" iye yaba mandundu nangakumbi.

Ngo-1914, isabelo yabemi Russian landile ukuya ku-6%, ngelixa inani Lithuanians lehla ngoko nangoko kwi-54% ngokwalo ipesenti. Kwinxalenye esempuma yelizwe kwaye benza isabelo sawo lehla kwi-30%. Le meko kuphela emva leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi, xa ilizwe endle bathutha ngaphezulu kwama-300 amawaka ngabahlali Russian elithetha. Ukongeza, ngaloo minyaka kwabakho wokufika ebonakalayo Lithuanians abavela kwamanye amazwe, nto leyo enxulumene kunye nokudalwa ezimeleyo Republic of Lithuania.

Phambi kokuba World Second

Ngowe-1923, abemi Lithuania sele abantu 2.028.971 kwaba. Xa kuthelekiswa 1897 umyinge Lithuanians baye basukela phezulu ukuya 84-85%. AmaYuda kwehlela phantse kabini kwi 7.5% (153 473). Izibonda abahlala kummandla urhulumente sele 3.2%, okanye abantu 65.599, Russian waba% 2.5 kuphela (50 460 zabantu), inani amaJamani ngokukhawuleza (ngenxa ukuba ngowe nokukhwankqiswa) wawa kwi 1.4% (29,231) , Byelorussians ndaphelelwa ngaphezulu kwe-0.2% (4421). Ezinye izizwe ngaloo minyaka, kwakukho malunga 8771 umntu.

Ngenxa yoko, ubume yabantu Lithuanian ngelo xesha lase kunene.

Amanye utshintsho ekwakhiweni kazwelonke

E Kaunas, nto leyo yaba likomkhulu yalilizwe elizimeleyo, kwakukho iinguqu ebaluleke ngakumbi. Umzekelo, Polish kunye Russian, apho de ngoko ayengekho esiyintsika yabantu ezidolophini, phantse akukho (ngaphantsi kwe-8000 abantu). Inani baseJamani yaba 3.5%, i yamaYuda 27.1% (25 041). Kodwa ke inani Lithuanians landa yaye zaba bantu 54 000 (59% yabemi) kuyo.

Ubalo e Klaipeda, leyo lwaqhutywa ngabasemagunyeni ekuhlaleni ngo-1925 lwabonisa ukuba inani Lithuanians musa ukudlula 26.6% yabo ubume lilonke labemi (akukho abantu abangaphezu kwe-37 626). Kukho amaJamani ezininzi, engunobangela malunga 41.9% (59 337), kunye memeltsev zazo 24.2% (34 337), kwakunye nezinye iintlanga.

Memeltsy - ngubani na ke?

Hi ndlela leyi, ngoobani memeltsy? Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kukho inani oosonzululwazi abadumileyo, ababhali-mbali bakholelwa ukuba eli binzana iqondwa inani labantu ezahlukeneyo (!) Iintlanga, nabo abo bamkela ukuzimela Lithuania kwaye ukuyilwa kwiriphabliki. Abanye ababhali-mbali bakholelwa ukuba oku - inzala ka amaJamani ukusuka East Prussia esingayilungisanga yayingeyonxalenye emva ukutshintshwa ilizwe labo Lithuania, abazange ukwamkela ulwimi kunye nezithethe ithi lweBaltic.

Kungenzeka, oku kuyinyaniso, kuba phantse zonke yabantu uqaphele ukuba ezimiweyo memeltsami, waziva impembelelo olukhulu inkcubeko isiJamani kunye nolwimi. Ngoko ke, ukubala labemi e Lithuania ngaloo minyaka, ezo nkcukacha kufuneka zigcinwe engqondweni. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba inani ncakasana yabemi German ezi mimandla wafikelela kuloo minyaka kwi-66%, ngokukhawulezisa uphawu 90 amawaka abantu.

Kwingingqi Vilnius ngayo nemeko efanayo, kodwa ngokuphathelele nezibonda. Into yokuba lo mhlaba izihlandlo eziliqela udlule Lithuania ePoland kunye izibonda ikoloni ngabom, ngokucinga ukuba ukubana ubuninzi bezinye iintlanga okanye nokwenziwa yabo (kaninzi - qho esisinyanzelo).

Ngenxa yoko, e Lithuania "isampuli" imi- 20-kwinkulungwane yokugqibela, Lithuanians ngokwabo ngaphezulu kancinane kwama-60% yetotali yenani labafundi bebonke kula mazwe. Uluntu lulonke Lithuania wayesondele-1 million 900 namawaka (ekuqaleni kuka-1930).

Ukususela ngowe-1939 ukuya ku-1970,

Ngowe-1940, Lithuania wajoyina eSoviet Union. It saqalisa inkqubo umva, xa izibonda yatshintsha labantu Lithuanian. Ngexesha nomsebenzi waseJamani, inani labemi Polish iqala ukwandisa kwakhona. Ngoko ke, ngo-1942 omnye kuphela kummandla Vilnius, kwakukho 309.494 Lithuanians, imiqobo kunye nani lanyuka ukuya 324 757 abantu.

Bayahlelwa buhlungu yabantu yamaYuda. Kuphela e Lithuania wabulawa abantu 136.421 yale uhlanga (kwaye oku - ngaphandle iperi kwimimandla). Wasinda kungekho ngaphezulu kwama-20 amawaka abantu. Oku kwakhona kungqinwa kubalo ka-1959, njengoko leyo 24 kuphela 672 amaYuda emke e Lithuania.

Iinkcukacha-manani German-1937 kukugcina lizwe abantu 157.527 yelo qela uhlanga. Ngoko, kuba ixesha umsebenzi eJamani, oko yatshatyalaliswa ubuncinane 175.000 amaYuda, yaye ngo-1941 zonke kummandla Lithuania wahlala 225.000.

Malunga izivumelwano kwempi

Ngowe-1945-1946, ilizwe 178 lamawaka izibonda bagxothwa. Xa sithatha ixesha ukususela 1945 ukuya 1950, ukususela Lithuania washiya isiqingatha sabantu Polish. Ukuba sithetha re-Russification, nkqu abaphandi Lithuanian bayavuma ukuba kumaxesha Soviet ngayo kade kakhulu, ukutshintsha kancinci ukwakhiwa yobuhlanga karhulumente. Ngokomzekelo, ngowe-1959-1989, inani Russian landa kuphela 9.4%, ngelixa inani Belarusians kwaye Ukraine zenza i-1.2% yetotali yenani labafundi bebonke.

Ngo-1991, inani Lithuanians uvale kwi 79,6%, ngelixa inani labemi Lithuanian abantu 3.666.000. Ukuba sithethe ngayo intsingiselo jikelele esingumzekelo seeRiphablikhi Union, Lithuania waba phantse mzekelo kuphela indlela ukwandisa inani kwesizwe title: inani Russian nkqu kwimimandla engundoqo ye-RSFSR siwile kwi-81%, nangona 85%.

ngexesha elitsha

Ngoko abanye abantu e Lithuania wameyisa (ngokubonakalayo) ngexesha ekuweni eSoviet Union? Kakade ke, Lithuania. Oku elula ingxabano abaphandi Russian kulo nyaka sele ezama ukuboyisela oogxa bakhe lweBaltic ukuba kwakungekho "umsebenzi". Nakuba kunjalo, ngaphandle impumelelo enkulu.

njani ukutshintsha emva kokufa yabantu yiSoviet e Lithuania? Dynamics nto yayimbi kakhulu. Ngokukhawuleza emva 1991-1993, nemida yayo ushiye ngaphezulu kwama-300 amawaka Russian. Ukuba ngo-1991 abantu abaphantse babe zizigidi ezine zabantu kweli lizwe, namhlanje abantu Sehle phantse ngesiqingatha!

Akumangalisi ke, abemi Lithuania for 2014 million 2,9 zabantu. Njengalo, its not kangako. Nangona kukho omnye "kodwa." Isibakala sokuba urhulumente ziphelela kule nombolo phantse yonke Lithuanians abavela kwamanye amazwe EU, nokuba usebenzisa yokuvota Internet kwisensasi. Abantu abaselula kakhulu ashiye ilizwe, ukuze iingcali ezizimeleyo bevumelana into enye: njengako data ongekho mthethweni, abemi Lithuania ukuba izixa-2014 ukuya kutsho kuma abantu kwezigidi ezi-2.

Kungenzeka ke, Dynamics ukuhla kakhulu abemi baya kuqhubeka kule minyaka izayo.