Ukuphazamisa iziseko zeBazarov. "Ootata nabantwana" - incwadana malunga neengxabano zezizukulwana

Amashumi amahlanu abe yimpembelelo ethile yokuguquguquka kwiminyaka engamashumi elinesibhozo elineshumi elinesithoba. Ngenkulungwane yokugqibela, utshintsho kwisigqi sobomi, ubugcisa obutsha, ukuveliswa kwezobugcisa kunye nezesayensi kubangela ukuxabana kwesizukulwana. Kubonakala kubantu abancinci ukuba yonke into iya kuba yinto eyahlukileyo, abantu babeya kuhlala ngokuhlukileyo, kwaye "ookhokho" bayazichasa: "Yonke into iza kubuya kwinto evamile, kwaye akukho ma satellites kunye nabakhompyutheni nabakhompyutheni abangatshintsha abantu."

Amakhemethi okanye iibongozi? Physicists okanye amazwi?

Phantse iimvakalelo ezifanayo kwimoya yeXIXX. U-Ivan Turgenev wabhala incwadi yakhe ephawulekayo kwiminyaka yama-60, kodwa isenzo sakhe senzeke kungekudala, emva kokupheliswa kweesfowuni. Umphathi weengxabano zesizukulwana wayengu-nihilist, u-materialist kunye no-cynic Yevgeny Bazarov. Oomama kunye nabantwana kwimisebenzi yokubhala ayimelwe njengezihlobo. Ummeli wesizukulwana esiphezulu kunye nombongi wendlela yokuphila yobukhosi yobomi uPatri Petrovich Kirsanov uxelela intsha engamavuko nje ngokuba ulutsha lwamaxesha 'olususwe' lwangena iingxabano zeengcamango phakathi kwekhulu lama-20.

Ngubani obaluleke ngakumbi, ngubani obaluleke kakhulu, i-physics okanye ingoma? Iingxoxo malunga nesi sihloko zixhalabisa abantu baseSoviet Union. "I-chemist iyiluncedo ngakumbi kunombongi," umlingiswa kaTurgenev, unyana kagqirha uBazarov, ukholelwa ekupheleni kweminyaka ye-1950. "Oobawo nabantwana" yintlekwano malunga neengxabano ezingapheliyo phakathi kwezinto eziphathekayo kunye neengcamango, kwaye amaqhawe ayo anombono ochasene kakhulu.

I-Conservatism kunye noKhenketho

U-Kirsanov ugxininisa indima ye-aristocracy kunye "nesikhulu", ngaphandle kobomi obungenakwenzeka, kunye nomfana wakhe omncintisanayo ngokukhawuleza nangokukhawuleza. Ukholelwa ukuba kubalulekile ukuba "kucacise" indawo yobudlelwane obutsha boluntu, kwaye oku kungenziwa kuphela ngokutshabalalisa ihlabathi elidala "emhlabathini, emva koko ...". Akunakwenzeka ukuba ufunde imisebenzi kaMarx, ubuncinane, akukho zikhombisi kule ncwadana, kodwa uBazarov uxela umoya wabo oqhelekileyo, nangona ifom ye-schematic elula. "Ootata nabantwana" iyinveli, umsebenzi wezobugcisa obonisa ukunyuswa kweengingqi zaseRussia ekukhokelweni ngokukhululeka.

Iingxabano malunga nabahlali

Inomdla yiingxabano malunga neNarodnichestvo, eziyiziqhawe zincwadi ethi "Oomama noonyana." U-Evgeni Bazarov, kubonakala ngathi unolwazi olungakumbi malunga nokuphila kwabantu, umkhulu wakhe wayalima ilizwe. Uhlambalaza ngokucacileyo uPavel Petrovich Kirsanov ngenxa yokungaphumeleli ukuvelisa imveliso yezolimo, kwaye ngexesha elifanayo ukungasebenzi. Yonke le inyaniso yinyani, yodwa le ngxaki, lo mdeli odlayo uyayigxila kwizinto ezingundoqo zokungazi. Baphendula kuye ngeengqekembe ezilinganayo, bamjonga njengentsiphu. Enyanisweni, uKirsanov noBazarov baneengcinga ezikude kakhulu kubomi babantu abaqhelekileyo. Oobawo nabantwana babanjwe ngokulinganayo kwiingcamango zabo kulo mbandela.

Kuthiwani ngothando?

Bobabini abalingani abaphikisanayo banamathele kwisimo esihle. Umphathiswa wezinto eziphathekayo uhlawula umkhenkcezo we-Fenechka wangaphandle, uyayithanda, kodwa ukudibana no-Anna Sergeyevna Odintsova wenza ukuba umntu akhangele uthando ngaphandle nje kokubonakaliswa kobuchule bokuvelisa. U-Pavel Petrovich uyamthanda ngenye indlela, akayizihlalutyo zakhe iimvakalelo. Indodakazi R. - ubuqaqawuli bakhe, kodwa le ncwadana iphela ngokubuhlungu, ifa. Ushiya u-Odintsov noBhazarov. "Ootata nabantwana" yincwadi enxulumene nothando olungathandekiyo.

Isimo sengqondo somlobi kubalinganiswa bakhe

Imvakalelo yombhali ecaleni leKirsanov, oku kuvezwa ngumfundi ngamnye wencwadana ethi "Obawo noonyana". Umfanekiso kaBazarov ubangela ukukhanyela, kodwa kunzima ukungavumelani nezinye zeengxabano zakhe. Nangona kunjalo, uPavel Petrovich akayiyo yonkqonkqo efanelekileyo, unemiphumo. Ngoko umbhali wayala abalandeli bakhe, omnye "wabulawa", omnye uthumela ngaphandle.

Kubonakala ukuba uTurgenev wayefuna ukubona abanye abalinganiswa, kwaye kungekuphela kwiphepha leencwadi, kodwa ebomini.